Pathology of the Stomach Flashcards
Signet-ring cells are due to large mucin-vacuoles. With what gastric neoplasm are these associated?
Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma
Carcinoid syndrome includes the presence of flushing, jaundice, edema, and diarrhea. With what is the syndrome associated?
Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), specially carcinoids that release serotonin
What is the cause of Menetrier disease?
Excessive secretion of TGF-alpha
Where does H. pylori generally infect the stomach?
Antrum
For Review - Hypertrophic Gastropathies & Gastric Polyps
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What are hypertrophic gastropathies?
Enlargement of rugal folds due to epithelial hyperplasia
What are the clinical symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, weight loss
Acute gastritis has many causes. What is the general etiology?
Increased acid secretion, decreased bicarbonate, reduced mucosal blood flow, disruption of the mucosal layer
A majority of GIST involve a gain of function of what
Autoimmune gastritis is a type of chronic gastritis that causes atrophy of the body and fundus. What other features characterize the disorder?
Antibodies to parietal cells and IF, reduced pepsinogen-I, B12 deficiency
Hypoalbuminemia and excess mucous production are symptoms of this hypertrophic gastropathy.
Menetrier disease
This disorder is characterized by the narrowing of the pyloric canal due to hyperplasia of the pyloric muscularis propria.
Pyloric stenosis
What are the common gastric lymphomas?
MALT lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
These markers are present on lymphomas of B cells.
CD19, CD20, CD43
This marker is present on GIST and is the target of IHC stains.
DOG1
What is the cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Hypersecretion of gastrin by neuroendocrine tumors
What are the two well-known types of hypertrophic gastropathies?
Menetrier disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What is the gross morphological appearance of acute gastritis?
Shallow erosions, petechial hemorrhage, ulcers
What is the treatment for acute gastritis?
Proton pump inhibitors
What is the most common form of pyloric stenosis?
Congenital - primarily in males and associated with Turner Syndrome (XO) and Trisomy 18 (Edward’s Syndrome)
What is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen?
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
What factor is most associated with H. pylori virulence?
CagA toxin
These signs/symptoms are indicative of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.
What are the leading risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?
H. pylori infection, cigarette use
What gene is associated with 25% of cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
MEN1
What causes are associated with acute gastritis?
NSAIDs, bile reflux, severe stress (trauma, burns, surgery), trauma
What is the most common malignancy of the stomach?
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
True/False. Salt, pickled foods, and smoked foods are associated with higher rates of gastric adenocarcinoma.
True
What lymphocytic cells are primarily present during acute gastritis?
Neutrophils
True/False. Peptic ulcer disease includes replacement of the muscularis propria with fibrous tissue
True
An infant born with pyloric stenosis generally presents with these two symptoms during 3-6 weeks of life.
Nonbilious vomiting, olive-shaped abdominal mass
What symptoms are most associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Duodenal ulcers, chronic diarrhea
Chronic gastritis is most associated with what cause?
H. pylori infection
What lymphocytic cells are involved in autoimmune gastritis?
Lymphocytes, macrophages
