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GI > Pathology of the Stomach > Flashcards

Pathology of the Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Signet-ring cells are due to large mucin-vacuoles. With what gastric neoplasm are these associated?

A

Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

Carcinoid syndrome includes the presence of flushing, jaundice, edema, and diarrhea. With what is the syndrome associated?

A

Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), specially carcinoids that release serotonin

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3
Q

What is the cause of Menetrier disease?

A

Excessive secretion of TGF-alpha

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4
Q

Where does H. pylori generally infect the stomach?

A

Antrum

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5
Q

For Review - Hypertrophic Gastropathies & Gastric Polyps

A

.

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6
Q

What are hypertrophic gastropathies?

A

Enlargement of rugal folds due to epithelial hyperplasia

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7
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, weight loss

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8
Q

Acute gastritis has many causes. What is the general etiology?

A

Increased acid secretion, decreased bicarbonate, reduced mucosal blood flow, disruption of the mucosal layer

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9
Q

A majority of GIST involve a gain of function of what

A
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10
Q

Autoimmune gastritis is a type of chronic gastritis that causes atrophy of the body and fundus. What other features characterize the disorder?

A

Antibodies to parietal cells and IF, reduced pepsinogen-I, B12 deficiency

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11
Q

Hypoalbuminemia and excess mucous production are symptoms of this hypertrophic gastropathy.

A

Menetrier disease

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12
Q

This disorder is characterized by the narrowing of the pyloric canal due to hyperplasia of the pyloric muscularis propria.

A

Pyloric stenosis

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13
Q

What are the common gastric lymphomas?

A

MALT lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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14
Q

These markers are present on lymphomas of B cells.

A

CD19, CD20, CD43

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15
Q

This marker is present on GIST and is the target of IHC stains.

A

DOG1

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16
Q

What is the cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Hypersecretion of gastrin by neuroendocrine tumors

17
Q

What are the two well-known types of hypertrophic gastropathies?

A

Menetrier disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

18
Q

What is the gross morphological appearance of acute gastritis?

A

Shallow erosions, petechial hemorrhage, ulcers

19
Q

What is the treatment for acute gastritis?

A

Proton pump inhibitors

20
Q

What is the most common form of pyloric stenosis?

A

Congenital - primarily in males and associated with Turner Syndrome (XO) and Trisomy 18 (Edward’s Syndrome)

21
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the abdomen?

A

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)

22
Q

What factor is most associated with H. pylori virulence?

A

CagA toxin

23
Q

These signs/symptoms are indicative of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.

A
24
Q

What are the leading risk factors for peptic ulcer disease?

A

H. pylori infection, cigarette use

25
Q

What gene is associated with 25% of cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

MEN1

26
Q

What causes are associated with acute gastritis?

A

NSAIDs, bile reflux, severe stress (trauma, burns, surgery), trauma

27
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the stomach?

A

Gastric Adenocarcinoma

28
Q

True/False. Salt, pickled foods, and smoked foods are associated with higher rates of gastric adenocarcinoma.

A

True

29
Q

What lymphocytic cells are primarily present during acute gastritis?

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

True/False. Peptic ulcer disease includes replacement of the muscularis propria with fibrous tissue

A

True

31
Q

An infant born with pyloric stenosis generally presents with these two symptoms during 3-6 weeks of life.

A

Nonbilious vomiting, olive-shaped abdominal mass

32
Q

What symptoms are most associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Duodenal ulcers, chronic diarrhea

33
Q

Chronic gastritis is most associated with what cause?

A

H. pylori infection

34
Q

What lymphocytic cells are involved in autoimmune gastritis?

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages

GI (35 decks)

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