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Principles of Pathology and Infectious Disease > Pathology of the Lymphoreticular System > Flashcards

Pathology of the Lymphoreticular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the potential pathological causes of disease?

A

Inherited, developmental, inflammatory, infection, immune-mediated, degenerative, nutritional, metabolic, toxic, neoplastic (primary/secondary)

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2
Q

What is a potential disease of the thymus?

A

Thymic lymphoma in cats associated wit FeLV infection

Thymoma in dogs (neoplasia of thymic epithelial cells)

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of thymic lymphoma?

A

Anorexia
Weight loss
Dyspnoea

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of thymoma?

A

Dypnoea
Dysphagia
Thoracic effusion

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5
Q

What paraneoplastic disease can be seen with thymoma in dogs?

A

Myasthenia gravis with megaoesophagus

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6
Q

How is thymoma managed?

A

Surgical excision of tumour +/- chemotherapy

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7
Q

What is the prognosis for thymoma?

A

Good if stage I without paraneoplastic disease

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8
Q

What is the basic structure of a lymph node?

A

PICTURE

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9
Q

What is the pathway of lymphocyte recirculation?

A

Infection so foreign antigen and APCs in afferent lymphatic to LNs
Lymphocytes exit LN via efferent lymphatic and return to bloodstream
Lymphocytes circulate in blood and enter LN via HEVs

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10
Q

What can blockage of lymphatics cause?

A

Peripheral oedema

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11
Q

How does chylothorax occur?

A

Perforation or erosion of the thoracic duct (often by a tumour)

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12
Q

What tends to happen to the blood cell count of animals with chylothorax?

A

Lymphopenia as the lymphocyte recirculation pathway is disrupted and all the lymphocytes lead out of the thoracic duct

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13
Q

What are the functions of the LNs?

A

Filters out foreign antigen
Antigen presentation by interdigitating DC to T cells
Antigen presentation by follicular DCs to B cells
Lymphocyte activation
Production of effector T cells
Production of antibody

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14
Q

What questions should be asked when considering LN disease?

A

Is it localised or generalised?
Is the animal pyrexic?
Is there evidence of local/systemic infection?
Is there evidence of neoplastic disease elsewhere?

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15
Q

What are the DDx of lymphadenopathy?

A

Infection - localised/systemic

Neoplasia - primary/metastatic

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16
Q

How is diagnosis of lymphadeopathy achieved?

A

Neutrophilia + left shift is suggestive of bacterial infection
Lymphopenia is suggestive of viral infection
Eosinophilia is suggestive of parasitic disease
Lymph node biopsy result

17
Q

What are the possible results of a lymph node biopsy?

A

Reactive lymph node = infection
Lymphadenitis = active infection in LN
Primary neoplasia
Secondary neoplasia

18
Q

Which bacteria causes suppurative lymphadenitis (esp in horses)?

A

Streptococcus equi (Strangles)

19
Q

Which bacteria causes caseous lymphadenitis (sheep)?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

20
Q

Which bacteria causes granulomatous lymphadenitis?

A

Mycobacterial infection (TB/Johnes)

21
Q

What are the two different compartments of the spleen?

A

Red pulp and white pulp

22
Q

What is the function of the red pulp in the spleen?

A

Haematological functions such as storage of RBCs and platelets

23
Q

What is the function of the white pulp in the spleen?

A

Immunological functions such as response to blood-borne pathogens

24
Q

What are the potential diseases of the spleen?

A

Trauma/rupture/haematoma
Torsion
Diffuse/nodular splenic enlargement

25
Q

What are some DDx for diffuse splenomegaly?

A

Venous congestion
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Amyloidosis
Neoplasia

26
Q

What are some DDx for nodular splenomegaly?

A

Benign nodular hyperplasia
Haemangiosarcoma
Haemangioma

27
Q

Name some viruses that particularly impact on the lymphoreticular system

A

Malignant catarrhal fever
Equine infectious anaemia
Classical swine fever
FeLV, FIV, FIP

28
Q

Name some bacteria that particularly impact on the lymphoreticular system

A

Bacillus anthracic
Mycobacterium bovis/avium paratuberculosis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

29
Q

Name some protozoa that particularly impact on the lymphoreticular system

A

Leishmania
Babesia
Ehrlichia
Theileria

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever?

A

Pyrexia, diarrhoea, petechial haemorrhages, neurological signs

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of Anthrax?

A

Sudden death, haemorrhage from orifices, splenomegaly

Principles of Pathology and Infectious Disease (5 decks)

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