Pathology of the Head and Neck Flashcards
What do Hematoxylin and Eosin stain?
Hematoxylin stains nuclei blue
Eosin stains cytoplasm pink
What does Periodic acid- Schiff stain? (PAS)
Mucin and Glycogen
glycogen can be removed with the enzyme diastase, so a PAS-diastase is more specific for Mucin
What pathologies in the head and neck will stain PAS +ve?
- Acinic cell carcinoma (zymogen granules are PAS+ve)
- Granular cell tumour
- Fungi
- Membranous basal cell adenoma (affinity for Basement Membrane)
What does Gomori’s methenamine silver (GMS) stain?
Fungi
What does Ziehl - Neelsen stain?
Acid-fast bacilli
What does Congo Red stain?
Amyloid
apple-green birefringence with polarization
What is S-100, and what does it stain?
S-100 is a calcium-binding acidic protein that stains:
Melanoma (95% sensitive)
Tumours of Schwann cell origin
Granular cell tumours
Chondrosarcomas
Esthesioneroblastomas
Myoepitheliomas
Eosinophilic Granulomas
Name 3 Tumours of Schwann cell origin
Neurofibroma
Schwannoma
Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumours
What does HMB45 stain?
Melanoma
more specific than S100
What does Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) stain?
Leukocytes, including lymphoma
What does Vimentin stain?
general mesenchymal cell marker
also stains melanocytes
What do Chromogranin and Synaptophysin stain?
Neuroendocrine markers:
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Paragangliomas
What do Kappa and Lamda light chains stain?
Extramedullary plasmacytomas
What does Calcitonin stain?
C cells in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
What does Desmin stain?
Intermediate filaments specific for muscle differentiation
Rhabdomyosarcoma
