Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

W212 The Ear > pathology of the ear > Flashcards

pathology of the ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is Glue ear?

A
  • Glue ear is otitis media with effusion. often the infection subsides leaving an effusion behind the drum.
  • -ve pressure and Eustachian tube dysfunction create an effusion in the middle ear. Follows on from Otitis media.
  • Treat with a grommet not ABX
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

• Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that causes inflammation (redness and swelling) and a build-up of fluid behind the eardrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

Acute otitis media implies rapid onset of disease associated with one or more of the following symptoms:

  • Otalgia
  • Fever
  • Otorrhea
  • Recent onset of anorexia
  • Irritability
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of glue ear/otitis media with effusion?

A
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Vertigo
  • Otalgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What conditions make otitis media more likely to occur?

A

Downs syndrome and cleft palet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you treat otitis media?

A

supportive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for acute otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the complications of acute otitis Media?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
  • Sub periosteal mastoid abscess
  • Facial paralysis
  • Layrinthitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

• Otitis externa is an inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal, the auricle, or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bacteria usually cause Otitis Media?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the normal causes of otitis externa?

A
  • Obstruction (eg, cerumen buildup, surfer’s exostosis, or a narrow or tortuous canal), resulting in water retention .
  • Absence of cerumen, which may occur as a result of repeated water exposure or overcleaning the ear canal
  • Trauma
  • Alteration of the pH of the ear canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat otitis externa?

A
  • Removal of debris
  • Topical antibiotics + Corticosteroids is the first line
  • If it does not respond oral flucloxacilin is second line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who tends to get skull base osteitis as a complication of otitis externa?

A

Elderly diabetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Exostosis?

A

Formation of new bone in the ear canal due to exposure to cold water. → also called surfers ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

• A cholesteatoma consists of squamous epithelium that is trapped within the skull base and that can erode and destroy important structures within the temporal bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptyoms of a cholesteatoma?

A

The hallmark symptom of a cholesteatoma is a painless foul smelling discharge (otorrhea), either unremitting or frequently recurrent.

Other symptoms include the following:

  • Conductive hearing loss
  • Dizziness: Relatively uncommon
  • Drainage and granulation tissue in the ear canal and middle ear: Unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy
17
Q

What are the complications of a cholesteatoma?

A
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abcess
  • Sub periosteal mastoid abscess
  • Facial paralysis
  • Layrinthitis
18
Q

What is presbyacusis?

A
  • Age related loss of hearing.

* High frequencies go first

19
Q

Name 3 ototoxic drugs?

A
  • Aminoglycasides
  • Loop diuretics
  • Cisplatin (chemo)
20
Q

What is an Acoustic neuroma?

A

It is a schwannoma deriving from the vestibular nerve.

21
Q

What are the symptoms of Acoustic neuroma?

A
  • Unilateral hearing loss with vertigo appearing later

* With progression → ipsilateral 5th, 6th, 9th and 10th nerves may be affecte (with ipsilateral cerebella signs)

22
Q

What is benign paroxysmal vertigo?

A

• Recurrent short lasting episodes of Vertigo caused by calcium debris in the semicircular canals that are disturbed by head movements → turning in bed, sitting up.

23
Q

How do you diagnos Benign paroxysmal vertigo?

A

Nystagmus on performing the hallpike manouver.

24
Q

What is the dix-hallpike manouver used to diagnose?

A

Benign paroxysmal vertigo.

25
Q

How do you treat benign paroxysmal vertigo?

A

The epley manouver

26
Q

What is vestibular neuronitis/ Acute labyrinthitis?

A

Viral infection of the labyrinth or vascular lesion

27
Q

What are the symptoms of vestibular neuronitis/ Acute labyrinthitis?

A
  • Abrupt onset
  • Severe vertigo
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting +/- prostration
  • NO Loss of hearing or tinnitus!!
28
Q

What are weber’s and pinne’s tests?

A

tests involving a tuning fork → webers on the forehead, pinne’s infront and then behind the ear.

29
Q

What is the presentation of glue ear?

A

Child struggling to hear

30
Q

What is the treatment for acute labyrinthitis?

A
  • Conservative management → reassure, sedate

* Vertigo subsides in days. full recovery in weeks.

31
Q

What is Ramsey Hunt syndrome?

A
  • Ramsay Hunt syndrome is occurs when latent5 herpes zoster virus reactivate in the genticulate ganglion of CN7
  • Erythematous vesicular rash of the skin of the ear canal, auricle and/or mucous membrane of the oropharynx.
  • Vertigo, loss of taste, tinnitus, ipsilateral facial palsy, deafness, dry mouth and eyes
  • Treat with anti-retrovirals within the first 72hrs → Aciclovir
32
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A
  • VERTIGO with HEARING LOSS and TINITUS !!!!!
  • Sense of Aural fullness
  • Attacks last >20 mins
  • +/- Nausea and vomiting
33
Q

What is the treatment for Meniere’s disease?

A
  • In acute attacks → bed rest and reassurance
  • Antihistamine in prolonged attacks (Cinnarizine).
  • Prochlorperazine in severe attacks.
  • Prophylaxis → betahistine or low salt diet. De-stress.
34
Q

From which part of the cocholear is there destruction of the hairs in presbyacusis?

A

the proximal part affecting high frequecies

35
Q

What is the management in sudden hearing loss?

A

• High dose steroids and refer to ENT

36
Q

What is Otosclerosis?

A
  • Otosclerosis is an osseous dyscrasia limited to the temporal bone. (it slowly seizes up) Slowly, progressive conductive hearing loss results.
  • Normally familial

W212 The Ear (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions