Pathology of the Alimentary system Flashcards
How do calves with Calf diphtheria usually die?
aspiration pneumonia
*They aspirate necrotic material into the lungs
Stomatitis that affects the mouth of calves and swine that is mainly caused by Fusobacterium Necrophorum (filamentous bacteria)
Necrotizing stomaitis
*aka oral necrobacillosis
Papovavirus induced disease that causes “cauliflower type” neoplastic proliferative lesions in the lips and oral mucosa that affects animals younger than 1 year of age
Canine oral papillomatosis
*benign tumors that will regress spontaneously
Over distention of the rumen and reticulum by gases produced during fermentation in cattle
Ruminal tympany or bloat
____ acidosis (chemical rumenitis) leads to a decrease in the pH of the rumen leading to ulceration of the rumen and reticulum in animals that overload themselves on grain
Lactic
Condition in foals in which the colonic-cecal lymph nodes will be markedly enlarged with various amounts of suppurative exudate caused by Rhodococcus equi
Ulcerative Pyogranulomatous enteritis with regional lymphadenitis
If the dental plaque becomes mineralized then you will have bacteria that will form dental _____
calculi/tartar
True/False: Animals with renal disease can develop ulceration and necrosis within the tongue and oral cavity
True
*Usually lesions are on the ventral surface of the tonuge
Atresia ani and Atresia Coli commonly lead to ____, in which the colon is enlarged
megacolon
Most common type of abomasal displacement that is generally non fatal due to partial obstruction of abomasal flow
Left sided
Disease also known as Orf or Sore mouth that is important in 3-6 month old sheep and goats caused by parapoxvirus
Contagious Ecthyma
True/False: All melanomas are highly invasive and can metastasize quickly to lymph nodes and blood.
False
*Only true for oral melanomas- poor prognosis when a dog has oral melanoma
True/False: Parvovirus in puppies and panleukopenia in kittens can both produce necrotizing enteritis and damage to bone marrow
True
What toxin of enterotoxemic colibacillosis causes endothelial cell injry in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema
Verotoxin
*Edema disease
Condition in older animals, usually sows, caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in which animals develop acute hemorrhagic diarrha and die shortly after with lot of blood coming from the rectum
Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
*intestine is filled with blood and thickened
What side of the cow will you notice ruminal tympany on?
Left side
Condition in which foals are borne completely white and lack parasympathetic ganglia in the colon leading to immobility in the large intestine
Lethal White syndrome in foals
*aka colonic aganglionosis
Most common anomily in the intestine of domestic animals that leads to complete obliteration of the colon. The animal will be unable to deficate and will be euthanized
Atresia Coli
- Palatoschisis is another name for_____
- Harelip or cheiloschisis is another name for ____
- Cleft palate
- Cleft lip
*picture is of cheiloshcisis in calf
Foot and mouth disease leads to the formation of vesicles especially in areas in which there is chronic ____ and mechanical injury
trauma
Condition in which there is an absence of parasymphathetic ganglia in the wall of the ileum, cecum, and colon leading to intestinal immotility and colic
Lethal white syndrome in foals
What are the two areas of the body where choke is most likely to occur?
dorsal to the larynx
thoracic inlet
Disease in post weaning pigs caused by a specific strain of E. coli that produces a verotoxin that leads to endothelial injury in the GI tract and elsewhere in the body.
Edema Disease
Disease in cats with a high mortality rate that leads to abdominal distention due to effusive intestines
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
What disease causes granulomatous enteritis in which the small intestine, mainly the ileocecal valve, is diffusely thickened with prominence of mucosal folds
Johnes disease
A non- neoplastic proliferative lsions of the oral cavity primarily in dogs and cats that leads to benign proliferation of the normal gum tissue
Gingival hyperplasia
In what species does Johnes disease more commonly cause lymphaginitis with a prominence of lymphatic vessels and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes
sheep and goats
ingesting of _____ by cattle and sheep can result in cleft palate or lip
toxins
*Veratrum Californicum
True/False: parasitic esophagitis due to spirocerca lupi can cause granulomatous esophagitis that may lead to neoplastic transformation of osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas
True
In sows ____ is usually seen after excessive intake of food and water followed by physical activity, such as fighting
gastric volvulus
What nematodes in the horse produce these brood pouches that contain clusters of parasites close to the margo plicatus
Draschia Megastoma
What is the most reliable post mortem indicator of ante-mortem bloat?
Bloat line
*If you see a bloat line then the bloat happened prior to death
what disease can lead to nodular lesions in the colon of a pig pictured below, also known as button ulcers
Chronic salmonellosis
Foot and Mouth disease in young animals causes mortality due to ____
myocarditis
*Myocardial necrosis in young calves and pigs
Dilation of the esophagus due to persistant right aortic arch normally within the thoracic cavity
Congenital megaesophagus
Disease in sheep and goats called contagious ecthyma that produces proliferative changes around the lips and mouth that may become ulcerative and predispose the animal to ther diseases is caused by what etiological agent?
Parapoxvirus
Virus that causes important disease in dogs and is the etiological agent in feline panleukopenia
Parvovirus
Malocclusion may be due to _____, which is protrustion of the lower jaw
Prognathia
Condition in cattle in which the tongue may be hanging out of the mouth, they develop increased salivation and the tongue becomes firm
Actinobacillosis aka wooden tongue
Common tumor in the oral cavity, especially common in cats, that is caused by proliferation of keratinocytes at the center of neoplastic cells.
Squamous cell carcinoma
In ____ there is a central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves
resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity
Palatoschisis
What is the main clinical presentation of Enterotoxemic colicobacillosis in pigs?
EDEMA in several tissues, especially the face
*translucent appeance of mesentary is also characteristic
*edema disease
Condition in cattle where animal swallows foreign body such as nails or wire that locate to the reticulum and cause lesions
Traumatic reticulitis
Malocclusion can be due to ______, which is shortening of the jaw
Brachygnathia
What kind of proliferative and locally invasive malignant carcinoma is common in horses in the esophageal portion of the stomach that arise from stratified squamous epithelium
Gastric squamous cell carcinoma
*Gastric carcinomas are common in large animals
*proliferative and locally invasive- KNOW
What cells are targeted by parvovirus and why?
Enterocytes
Blood cell precursors in bone marrow
*Targeted due to high mitotic rate
Disesae in weaner and grower pigs that leads to chronic weight loss in which the small intestine becomes very thick with “garden hose” appearance, primarily in the illeum. Name the disease and etiological agent
Porcine proliferative enteropathy
etiolgical agent- Lawsonia intracellularis
*Thickened intestine with proliferation of enterocytes
Myocarditis in young animals caused by foot and mouth disease is known as ___ heart
Tiger
What nematode enters into the esophagus via the aorta where it produces lesions of granulomatous esophagitis
Spirocerca Lupi
True/False: Actinomycoses is an infection that leads to the enlargement of the tongue known as wooden tongue
False
*Actinobacillus
*Actinomycoses affects bone
Virus that in puppies causes hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis that usually results in bloody diarrhea, severe dehyration and death
Parvovirus enteritis
True/False: Foot and Mouth disease is a serious condition in horses
False
*Does not affect horses
What strain of E. coli leads to Edema disease?
Enterotoxemic colicobacilosis
Species of tape worm important in horses that is primarily seen in the cecum and can lead to intussusception in heavy infections
Anoplocephala Perfoliata
True/False: Horses with lethal white syndrome are born normal but usually develop colic within a few hours due to lack of ganglia within the intestine
True
Feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis is common in cats that are ____ positive
FIV
What part of the body does Actinobacillosis affect?
soft tissue in the oral cavity, primarily the tongue
*results in glossitis- inflammation of the tongue
What kind of stomatitis is common in older dogs that causes inflammation/reddening of the gums with multifocal to coalescing ulceration of the oral mucosa?
Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatits
Condition in which there is an imperforate anus (The animal has no anus). There is complete obliteration of the anus therefore the animal will not be able to deficate and will be euthanized
Atresia Ani
Lethal white syndrome is foals is more prevalent in what breed of horses?
American Paint horses
*Horses with white spotting
Very common condition in horses that leads to volvulus in portions of the intestine when the dorsal and ventral colon twist along the mesenteric axis. Eventually can lead to hypoxia, venous infarction and death via septic shock
Torsion/Colic
True/False: With contagious ecthyma of sheeps and goats, lesions usully develop around sites of trauma such as the mouth, mammary gland and coronary bands
True
Tumor that arises from ameloblasts that causes proliferation of the dental ligament that is locally aggressive but does not metastasize
acanthomatous ameloblastoma
What kind of appearance does Haemonchus Contortus have?
Barber pole
*Female nematodes
Which one of these is not reportable?
- Foot and mouth disease
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Vesicular exanthema of swine
- Swine Vesicular disease
ALL OF THEM are reportable
Cutaneous _____ tumors, that are very common in dogs, can produce a lot of histamine that will increase acidity in the stomach and lead to gastric ulceration
Mast cell tumors
*increase HCL secretion in the stomach
Several calves have been treated with antibiotics. In the abomasum you have diffusely reddened multifocal areas of necrosis that are covered in fibrin. What condition is this?
Mycotic abomasitis
What is the etiological agent for porcine proliferative enteropathy?
Lawsonia intracellularis
Foals with ulcerative pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis due to rhodococcus equi commonly also have pyogranulomatous _____
Pneumonia
True/False: Fusobacterium necrophorum produces toxins that induce coagulation necrosis that produces grey necrotic debri within the oral cavity
True
Based on the picture below, if you see this segmented hemorrhagic enteritis in cats what would be the most likely diagnosis?
Feline Panleukopenia
*etiological agent- feline parvovirus
Disease in pigs that causes veicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout, and hooves that leads to weight lose, lameness and sloughing of hooves
Foot and mouth disease
____ melanoma- non pigmented melanoma
Amelanotic melanoma
*malignant
What disease does Actinobacillus Lignieresii cause in cattle?
Wooden tongue
If the displaced abdominal contents are not covered by parietal perioneum or skin the lesion is referred to as _____
eventration
Tumors of the peridontal ligament
Epulis
*usually benign
Gingival hyperplasia is more common in what breeds of dogs?
brachycephalic breeds
ESPECIALLY BOXERS
*most boxers over the age of 5 will have some type of gingival hyperplasia
______ metastasize first through the lymph nodes
carcinomas
ulcerative areas that have healed and been replaced by fibrous connective tissue
Stellate ulcers
Bacteria that causes enterocolitis in young horses that produces pyogranulomatous and ulcerative lesions and contains virulence factors that enable it to survive in macrophages
Rhodococcus equi
*Virulence factor- inhibits fusion of lysosome and phagosome
Disease caused by etiological agent Calicivirus that affects only pigs
Vesicular Exanthema of swine
True/False: Resident flora is a defense mechanism that contains lysosome such as proteolytic enzymes to protect against infection
False
*Resident flora is a defense mechanism but Salive is the mechanism that contains lysosomes and proteolytic enzymes
Life threatening condition most common in large breed- deep chested dogs and sows that can be associated with over-eating prior to exercise
Gastric dilation- volvulus
When looking at a sample from an animal with Thrush, what two things will you see under the microscope?
yeast- candida
pseudohypea
A vesicle that has grown to 1-2mm in size
Bulla
What is this a picture of?
Feline Eosinophilic granuloma
*produce ulcerative and granulomatous lesions in the lips or roof of mouth of cats
General term for inflammation in the oral cavity
Stomatitis
What are the two different kinds of epulis?
Fibromatous- proliferation of mesychemal cells
Ossifying- bone formation within tumor
*picture of fibromatous epulis
Vesicular disease in pigs leading to these lesions caused by calicivirus
Vesicular Exanthema
*REPORTABLE
Most cases of _____ in horses are due to intestinal obstructions that results in inhibition of bowel motility
gastric rupture
Important disease in cats that produces both an effusive (wet) and non effusive form (dry) leading to vasculitis with deposition of antibody-antigen complexes in the vascular walls
Feline Infectious Peritoninitis
What bacteria form clusters that radiate amorphous eosinophilic material known as Splendore-Hoeppli
A. lignieresii
*sulfur granules
What species are oral melanomas most common in? What percetange of oral melanomas in this species are malignent
Dogs are the most common
90% of oral melanomas in dogs are malignant
What is the etiological agent for Braxy in a lamb
Clostridium septicum
What kind of stain do we use to confirm Lawsonia intracellularis, where the organism is seen in the intestinal crypt cells
Silver stain
Common cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets, either alone or with other agents such as rotavirus, in which there is destruction of surface enterocytes leading to villous atrophy
Coronaviral infections
Protozoal organisms that parasitize the surface of enterocytes resulting in enteritis and severe profuse diarrhea in neonatal calves. Microscopically we will see these organisms attached to the surface of enterocytes
Cryptosporidiosis
What condition in calves and lambs is usually secondary to long term antibiotic therapy use that destroyes resident flora and promotes invasive fungi such as Apergillus?
Mycotic abomasitis/gastritis
What bacteria is the etiological agent for Actinobacillosis
Actinobacillus Ligneiresii
Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
Dental attrition
Enlarged intestine of a foal with marked enlargement of regional lymph nodes is caused by what bacteria?
Rhodococcus equi
*pyogranulomatous enteritis with regional lymphadenitis
What is the characteristic lesion of Rhodococcus equi
Pyogranulomatous lesions
*primarily neutrophils and macrophages
What type of colitis does Salmonella cause in horses?
Fibrino-necrotizing entero-colitis
What blood sucking parasite of sheep and goats leads to parasitic abomasitis, significant anemia, bottle jaw, and hyperproteinemia
Haemonchus Contortus
Necrotizing stomatitis caused by fusobacterium necrophorum is also known as calf ____
Diphtheria
Very severe disease in 8-14 week old pigs with development of severe enteritis of the colon and large intestine where the feces will contain a lot of blood mixed with mucous. Name the disease and etiological agent
Swine dystentery
etiological agent- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Common disease in cattle older that two years that leads to marked emaciation with diarrhea and fecal staining. Name Disease and etiological agent
Johnes Disease
mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
Candidiasis is primarily in the ____ leading to a yellow, crusty, pseudomembrane
Tongue
Only bacteria that can produce this kind of lesion in the small and large intestine of a foal causing ulceration with suppurative exudate
Rhodococcus equi
*Pyogranulomatous colitis in a foal
Which kind of rumentitis is common in cattle and sheep that engorge themselves on high carbodydrate diets
Chemical rumenitis
*Aka lactic acidosis/ grain overload
Vesicular stomatitis in cats is usually a result of ____ infection
calicivirus
*causes vesicular lesions in the tongue and oral cavity of cats
In cats, Feline panleukopenia caused by parvovirus will produce lesions primarily in the ______
bone marrow
What parasite causes Parasitic Esophagitis in dogs?
Spirocerca Lupi
Disease that forms lesions mainly in the oral cavity and foot due to an ingested or inhaled virus
Foot and mouth diseaes
Disease in domestine animals characterized by swelling of colonic mucosa, edema, hemorrhage and fibrino necrotic exudate in the small and large intestine leading to severe diarrhea
Salmonellosis
What is the common cause of death in animals with congenital persistant right aortic arch?
aspiration pneumonia
*Eventually some of the food will go into the trachea and they will die
Who are most likely to have Atresia Ani?
Females associated with recto-vaginal fistula
*There is communication between rectum and vagina
With parvovirus in dogs, the main lesions are located in the ____ but you can sometimes see bone marrow lesions
Instestine
In _____ you will see widespread mineralization of the lamina propria with whitish discoloration. Von Kossa stain is used to visualize this mineralization
Uremic gastrophathy
How do we differentiate Lawsonia, Salmonella and Brachyspira in pigs?
Lawsonia- thickening of the small intestine
Salmonella- affects the large intestine mainly
Brachyspira- affects large intestine with large amount of mucous in feces
Bacteria that leads to multifocal proliferative enteritis, which in sheep and goats produces a nodular lesion that you can see through the serosal surface leading to profuse diarrhea and hyperplasia of the enterocytes
Coccidial enteritis
When you open the stomach of a lamb with Braxy the abomasum will be diffusely red and swollen and there will be a presence of ____
Gas bubbles
*Clostridium produces gas
Main lesion in the intestine of a puppy or kitten with parvovirus is ____ necrosis
crypt
*damage to the crypts- KNOW
Rectal stricture in pigs is most commonly associated with ____
chronic salmonellosis
Less common type of abomasal displacement that may lead to abomasal volvulus
Right Sided
An immune mediated condition in which there is damage to acetylcholine receptors leading to megesophagus and possible death via aspiration pneumonia
Myasthenia Gravis
*muscle is not able to contract- only dilate
Common condition seen in pigs that are fed finely ground rations for weight gain. Pigs will present very pale and white
Gastric ulceration
*pigs may die due to bleeding into the stomach- will have dark feces
What parasite produces this “Moroccan Leather” appearance in the abomasal folds that is common in cattle and sheep
Ostertagia
Enteritis in piglets caused by swine coronavirus that causes severe villous atrophy leading to high mortality in piglets.
Transmissible Gastro-enteritis (TGE)
If you see this chronic pyogranulomatous white multifocal to coalescing neprhitis that follows the blood vessels, what is this diagnostic of?
Dry form of Feline infectious peritonitis
*FOLLOWS BLOOD VESSELS
What parasite caused the lesions from a pig in this picture and what is is called?
Ascaris suum
Milk spotted liver
What inflammation of the gums is shown in this picture of a cat?
Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis
*enflamed/red gums
