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Pathology Exam 1 > Pathology of the Alimentary system > Flashcards

Pathology of the Alimentary system Flashcards

1
Q

How do calves with Calf diphtheria usually die?

A

aspiration pneumonia

*They aspirate necrotic material into the lungs

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2
Q

Stomatitis that affects the mouth of calves and swine that is mainly caused by Fusobacterium Necrophorum (filamentous bacteria)

A

Necrotizing stomaitis

*aka oral necrobacillosis

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2
Q

Papovavirus induced disease that causes “cauliflower type” neoplastic proliferative lesions in the lips and oral mucosa that affects animals younger than 1 year of age

A

Canine oral papillomatosis

*benign tumors that will regress spontaneously

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2
Q

Over distention of the rumen and reticulum by gases produced during fermentation in cattle

A

Ruminal tympany or bloat

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2
Q

____ acidosis (chemical rumenitis) leads to a decrease in the pH of the rumen leading to ulceration of the rumen and reticulum in animals that overload themselves on grain

A

Lactic

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2
Q

Condition in foals in which the colonic-cecal lymph nodes will be markedly enlarged with various amounts of suppurative exudate caused by Rhodococcus equi

A

Ulcerative Pyogranulomatous enteritis with regional lymphadenitis

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3
Q

If the dental plaque becomes mineralized then you will have bacteria that will form dental _____

A

calculi/tartar

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3
Q

True/False: Animals with renal disease can develop ulceration and necrosis within the tongue and oral cavity

A

True

*Usually lesions are on the ventral surface of the tonuge

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3
Q

Atresia ani and Atresia Coli commonly lead to ____, in which the colon is enlarged

A

megacolon

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4
Q

Most common type of abomasal displacement that is generally non fatal due to partial obstruction of abomasal flow

A

Left sided

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5
Q

Disease also known as Orf or Sore mouth that is important in 3-6 month old sheep and goats caused by parapoxvirus

A

Contagious Ecthyma

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5
Q

True/False: All melanomas are highly invasive and can metastasize quickly to lymph nodes and blood.

A

False

*Only true for oral melanomas- poor prognosis when a dog has oral melanoma

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5
Q

True/False: Parvovirus in puppies and panleukopenia in kittens can both produce necrotizing enteritis and damage to bone marrow

A

True

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5
Q

What toxin of enterotoxemic colibacillosis causes endothelial cell injry in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema

A

Verotoxin

*Edema disease

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5
Q

Condition in older animals, usually sows, caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in which animals develop acute hemorrhagic diarrha and die shortly after with lot of blood coming from the rectum

A

Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

*intestine is filled with blood and thickened

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6
Q

What side of the cow will you notice ruminal tympany on?

A

Left side

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6
Q

Condition in which foals are borne completely white and lack parasympathetic ganglia in the colon leading to immobility in the large intestine

A

Lethal White syndrome in foals

*aka colonic aganglionosis

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7
Q

Most common anomily in the intestine of domestic animals that leads to complete obliteration of the colon. The animal will be unable to deficate and will be euthanized

A

Atresia Coli

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8
Q
  1. Palatoschisis is another name for_____
  2. Harelip or cheiloschisis is another name for ____
A
  1. Cleft palate
  2. Cleft lip

*picture is of cheiloshcisis in calf

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9
Q

Foot and mouth disease leads to the formation of vesicles especially in areas in which there is chronic ____ and mechanical injury

A

trauma

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9
Q

Condition in which there is an absence of parasymphathetic ganglia in the wall of the ileum, cecum, and colon leading to intestinal immotility and colic

A

Lethal white syndrome in foals

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10
Q

What are the two areas of the body where choke is most likely to occur?

A

dorsal to the larynx

thoracic inlet

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10
Q

Disease in post weaning pigs caused by a specific strain of E. coli that produces a verotoxin that leads to endothelial injury in the GI tract and elsewhere in the body.

A

Edema Disease

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11
Q

Disease in cats with a high mortality rate that leads to abdominal distention due to effusive intestines

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

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11
Q

What disease causes granulomatous enteritis in which the small intestine, mainly the ileocecal valve, is diffusely thickened with prominence of mucosal folds

A

Johnes disease

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12
Q

A non- neoplastic proliferative lsions of the oral cavity primarily in dogs and cats that leads to benign proliferation of the normal gum tissue

A

Gingival hyperplasia

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12
Q

In what species does Johnes disease more commonly cause lymphaginitis with a prominence of lymphatic vessels and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes

A

sheep and goats

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13
Q

ingesting of _____ by cattle and sheep can result in cleft palate or lip

A

toxins

*Veratrum Californicum

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13
Q

True/False: parasitic esophagitis due to spirocerca lupi can cause granulomatous esophagitis that may lead to neoplastic transformation of osteosarcomas and fibrosarcomas

A

True

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13
Q

In sows ____ is usually seen after excessive intake of food and water followed by physical activity, such as fighting

A

gastric volvulus

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13
Q

What nematodes in the horse produce these brood pouches that contain clusters of parasites close to the margo plicatus

A

Draschia Megastoma

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14
Q

What is the most reliable post mortem indicator of ante-mortem bloat?

A

Bloat line

*If you see a bloat line then the bloat happened prior to death

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14
Q

what disease can lead to nodular lesions in the colon of a pig pictured below, also known as button ulcers

A

Chronic salmonellosis

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15
Q

Foot and Mouth disease in young animals causes mortality due to ____

A

myocarditis

*Myocardial necrosis in young calves and pigs

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16
Q

Dilation of the esophagus due to persistant right aortic arch normally within the thoracic cavity

A

Congenital megaesophagus

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17
Q

Disease in sheep and goats called contagious ecthyma that produces proliferative changes around the lips and mouth that may become ulcerative and predispose the animal to ther diseases is caused by what etiological agent?

A

Parapoxvirus

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17
Q

Virus that causes important disease in dogs and is the etiological agent in feline panleukopenia

A

Parvovirus

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18
Q

Malocclusion may be due to _____, which is protrustion of the lower jaw

A

Prognathia

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18
Q

Condition in cattle in which the tongue may be hanging out of the mouth, they develop increased salivation and the tongue becomes firm

A

Actinobacillosis aka wooden tongue

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19
Q

Common tumor in the oral cavity, especially common in cats, that is caused by proliferation of keratinocytes at the center of neoplastic cells.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

In ____ there is a central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves

resulting in communication between the oral and nasal cavity

A

Palatoschisis

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20
Q

What is the main clinical presentation of Enterotoxemic colicobacillosis in pigs?

A

EDEMA in several tissues, especially the face

*translucent appeance of mesentary is also characteristic

*edema disease

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21
Q

Condition in cattle where animal swallows foreign body such as nails or wire that locate to the reticulum and cause lesions

A

Traumatic reticulitis

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22
Q

Malocclusion can be due to ______, which is shortening of the jaw

A

Brachygnathia

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22
Q

What kind of proliferative and locally invasive malignant carcinoma is common in horses in the esophageal portion of the stomach that arise from stratified squamous epithelium

A

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma

*Gastric carcinomas are common in large animals

*proliferative and locally invasive- KNOW

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22
Q

What cells are targeted by parvovirus and why?

A

Enterocytes

Blood cell precursors in bone marrow

*Targeted due to high mitotic rate

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24
Q

Disesae in weaner and grower pigs that leads to chronic weight loss in which the small intestine becomes very thick with “garden hose” appearance, primarily in the illeum. Name the disease and etiological agent

A

Porcine proliferative enteropathy

etiolgical agent- Lawsonia intracellularis

*Thickened intestine with proliferation of enterocytes

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25
Q

Myocarditis in young animals caused by foot and mouth disease is known as ___ heart

A

Tiger

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25
Q

What nematode enters into the esophagus via the aorta where it produces lesions of granulomatous esophagitis

A

Spirocerca Lupi

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26
Q

True/False: Actinomycoses is an infection that leads to the enlargement of the tongue known as wooden tongue

A

False

*Actinobacillus

*Actinomycoses affects bone

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27
Q

Virus that in puppies causes hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis that usually results in bloody diarrhea, severe dehyration and death

A

Parvovirus enteritis

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28
Q

True/False: Foot and Mouth disease is a serious condition in horses

A

False

*Does not affect horses

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28
Q

What strain of E. coli leads to Edema disease?

A

Enterotoxemic colicobacilosis

29
Q

Species of tape worm important in horses that is primarily seen in the cecum and can lead to intussusception in heavy infections

A

Anoplocephala Perfoliata

30
Q

True/False: Horses with lethal white syndrome are born normal but usually develop colic within a few hours due to lack of ganglia within the intestine

A

True

31
Q

Feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis is common in cats that are ____ positive

A

FIV

32
Q

What part of the body does Actinobacillosis affect?

A

soft tissue in the oral cavity, primarily the tongue

*results in glossitis- inflammation of the tongue

32
Q

What kind of stomatitis is common in older dogs that causes inflammation/reddening of the gums with multifocal to coalescing ulceration of the oral mucosa?

A

Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatits

33
Q

Condition in which there is an imperforate anus (The animal has no anus). There is complete obliteration of the anus therefore the animal will not be able to deficate and will be euthanized

A

Atresia Ani

33
Q

Lethal white syndrome is foals is more prevalent in what breed of horses?

A

American Paint horses

*Horses with white spotting

34
Q

Very common condition in horses that leads to volvulus in portions of the intestine when the dorsal and ventral colon twist along the mesenteric axis. Eventually can lead to hypoxia, venous infarction and death via septic shock

A

Torsion/Colic

35
Q

True/False: With contagious ecthyma of sheeps and goats, lesions usully develop around sites of trauma such as the mouth, mammary gland and coronary bands

A

True

37
Q

Tumor that arises from ameloblasts that causes proliferation of the dental ligament that is locally aggressive but does not metastasize

A

acanthomatous ameloblastoma

38
Q

What kind of appearance does Haemonchus Contortus have?

A

Barber pole

*Female nematodes

40
Q

Which one of these is not reportable?

  1. Foot and mouth disease
  2. Vesicular stomatitis
  3. Vesicular exanthema of swine
  4. Swine Vesicular disease
A

ALL OF THEM are reportable

41
Q

Cutaneous _____ tumors, that are very common in dogs, can produce a lot of histamine that will increase acidity in the stomach and lead to gastric ulceration

A

Mast cell tumors

*increase HCL secretion in the stomach

42
Q

Several calves have been treated with antibiotics. In the abomasum you have diffusely reddened multifocal areas of necrosis that are covered in fibrin. What condition is this?

A

Mycotic abomasitis

43
Q

What is the etiological agent for porcine proliferative enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

45
Q

Foals with ulcerative pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis due to rhodococcus equi commonly also have pyogranulomatous _____

A

Pneumonia

48
Q

True/False: Fusobacterium necrophorum produces toxins that induce coagulation necrosis that produces grey necrotic debri within the oral cavity

A

True

49
Q

Based on the picture below, if you see this segmented hemorrhagic enteritis in cats what would be the most likely diagnosis?

A

Feline Panleukopenia

*etiological agent- feline parvovirus

50
Q

Disease in pigs that causes veicular lesions in the oral cavity, snout, and hooves that leads to weight lose, lameness and sloughing of hooves

A

Foot and mouth disease

52
Q

____ melanoma- non pigmented melanoma

A

Amelanotic melanoma

*malignant

53
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus Lignieresii cause in cattle?

A

Wooden tongue

54
Q

If the displaced abdominal contents are not covered by parietal perioneum or skin the lesion is referred to as _____

A

eventration

56
Q

Tumors of the peridontal ligament

A

Epulis

*usually benign

58
Q

Gingival hyperplasia is more common in what breeds of dogs?

A

brachycephalic breeds

ESPECIALLY BOXERS

*most boxers over the age of 5 will have some type of gingival hyperplasia

60
Q

______ metastasize first through the lymph nodes

A

carcinomas

62
Q

ulcerative areas that have healed and been replaced by fibrous connective tissue

A

Stellate ulcers

63
Q

Bacteria that causes enterocolitis in young horses that produces pyogranulomatous and ulcerative lesions and contains virulence factors that enable it to survive in macrophages

A

Rhodococcus equi

*Virulence factor- inhibits fusion of lysosome and phagosome

65
Q

Disease caused by etiological agent Calicivirus that affects only pigs

A

Vesicular Exanthema of swine

66
Q

True/False: Resident flora is a defense mechanism that contains lysosome such as proteolytic enzymes to protect against infection

A

False

*Resident flora is a defense mechanism but Salive is the mechanism that contains lysosomes and proteolytic enzymes

68
Q

Life threatening condition most common in large breed- deep chested dogs and sows that can be associated with over-eating prior to exercise

A

Gastric dilation- volvulus

69
Q

When looking at a sample from an animal with Thrush, what two things will you see under the microscope?

A

yeast- candida

pseudohypea

70
Q

A vesicle that has grown to 1-2mm in size

A

Bulla

70
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Feline Eosinophilic granuloma

*produce ulcerative and granulomatous lesions in the lips or roof of mouth of cats

72
Q

General term for inflammation in the oral cavity

A

Stomatitis

74
Q

What are the two different kinds of epulis?

A

Fibromatous- proliferation of mesychemal cells

Ossifying- bone formation within tumor

*picture of fibromatous epulis

75
Q

Vesicular disease in pigs leading to these lesions caused by calicivirus

A

Vesicular Exanthema

*REPORTABLE

75
Q

Most cases of _____ in horses are due to intestinal obstructions that results in inhibition of bowel motility

A

gastric rupture

76
Q

Important disease in cats that produces both an effusive (wet) and non effusive form (dry) leading to vasculitis with deposition of antibody-antigen complexes in the vascular walls

A

Feline Infectious Peritoninitis

78
Q

What bacteria form clusters that radiate amorphous eosinophilic material known as Splendore-Hoeppli

A

A. lignieresii

*sulfur granules

80
Q

What species are oral melanomas most common in? What percetange of oral melanomas in this species are malignent

A

Dogs are the most common

90% of oral melanomas in dogs are malignant

82
Q

What is the etiological agent for Braxy in a lamb

A

Clostridium septicum

83
Q

What kind of stain do we use to confirm Lawsonia intracellularis, where the organism is seen in the intestinal crypt cells

A

Silver stain

84
Q

Common cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets, either alone or with other agents such as rotavirus, in which there is destruction of surface enterocytes leading to villous atrophy

A

Coronaviral infections

87
Q

Protozoal organisms that parasitize the surface of enterocytes resulting in enteritis and severe profuse diarrhea in neonatal calves. Microscopically we will see these organisms attached to the surface of enterocytes

A

Cryptosporidiosis

89
Q

What condition in calves and lambs is usually secondary to long term antibiotic therapy use that destroyes resident flora and promotes invasive fungi such as Apergillus?

A

Mycotic abomasitis/gastritis

90
Q

What bacteria is the etiological agent for Actinobacillosis

A

Actinobacillus Ligneiresii

91
Q

Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication

A

Dental attrition

91
Q

Enlarged intestine of a foal with marked enlargement of regional lymph nodes is caused by what bacteria?

A

Rhodococcus equi

*pyogranulomatous enteritis with regional lymphadenitis

92
Q

What is the characteristic lesion of Rhodococcus equi

A

Pyogranulomatous lesions

*primarily neutrophils and macrophages

93
Q

What type of colitis does Salmonella cause in horses?

A

Fibrino-necrotizing entero-colitis

96
Q

What blood sucking parasite of sheep and goats leads to parasitic abomasitis, significant anemia, bottle jaw, and hyperproteinemia

A

Haemonchus Contortus

98
Q

Necrotizing stomatitis caused by fusobacterium necrophorum is also known as calf ____

A

Diphtheria

99
Q

Very severe disease in 8-14 week old pigs with development of severe enteritis of the colon and large intestine where the feces will contain a lot of blood mixed with mucous. Name the disease and etiological agent

A

Swine dystentery

etiological agent- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

100
Q

Common disease in cattle older that two years that leads to marked emaciation with diarrhea and fecal staining. Name Disease and etiological agent

A

Johnes Disease

mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

102
Q

Candidiasis is primarily in the ____ leading to a yellow, crusty, pseudomembrane

A

Tongue

104
Q

Only bacteria that can produce this kind of lesion in the small and large intestine of a foal causing ulceration with suppurative exudate

A

Rhodococcus equi

*Pyogranulomatous colitis in a foal

105
Q

Which kind of rumentitis is common in cattle and sheep that engorge themselves on high carbodydrate diets

A

Chemical rumenitis

*Aka lactic acidosis/ grain overload

106
Q

Vesicular stomatitis in cats is usually a result of ____ infection

A

calicivirus

*causes vesicular lesions in the tongue and oral cavity of cats

107
Q

In cats, Feline panleukopenia caused by parvovirus will produce lesions primarily in the ______

A

bone marrow

108
Q

What parasite causes Parasitic Esophagitis in dogs?

A

Spirocerca Lupi

110
Q

Disease that forms lesions mainly in the oral cavity and foot due to an ingested or inhaled virus

A

Foot and mouth diseaes

111
Q

Disease in domestine animals characterized by swelling of colonic mucosa, edema, hemorrhage and fibrino necrotic exudate in the small and large intestine leading to severe diarrhea

A

Salmonellosis

113
Q

What is the common cause of death in animals with congenital persistant right aortic arch?

A

aspiration pneumonia

*Eventually some of the food will go into the trachea and they will die

114
Q

Who are most likely to have Atresia Ani?

A

Females associated with recto-vaginal fistula

*There is communication between rectum and vagina

115
Q

With parvovirus in dogs, the main lesions are located in the ____ but you can sometimes see bone marrow lesions

A

Instestine

116
Q

In _____ you will see widespread mineralization of the lamina propria with whitish discoloration. Von Kossa stain is used to visualize this mineralization

A

Uremic gastrophathy

119
Q

How do we differentiate Lawsonia, Salmonella and Brachyspira in pigs?

A

Lawsonia- thickening of the small intestine

Salmonella- affects the large intestine mainly

Brachyspira- affects large intestine with large amount of mucous in feces

120
Q

Bacteria that leads to multifocal proliferative enteritis, which in sheep and goats produces a nodular lesion that you can see through the serosal surface leading to profuse diarrhea and hyperplasia of the enterocytes

A

Coccidial enteritis

121
Q

When you open the stomach of a lamb with Braxy the abomasum will be diffusely red and swollen and there will be a presence of ____

A

Gas bubbles

*Clostridium produces gas

123
Q

Main lesion in the intestine of a puppy or kitten with parvovirus is ____ necrosis

A

crypt

*damage to the crypts- KNOW

124
Q

Rectal stricture in pigs is most commonly associated with ____

A

chronic salmonellosis

125
Q

Less common type of abomasal displacement that may lead to abomasal volvulus

A

Right Sided

126
Q

An immune mediated condition in which there is damage to acetylcholine receptors leading to megesophagus and possible death via aspiration pneumonia

A

Myasthenia Gravis

*muscle is not able to contract- only dilate

127
Q

Common condition seen in pigs that are fed finely ground rations for weight gain. Pigs will present very pale and white

A

Gastric ulceration

*pigs may die due to bleeding into the stomach- will have dark feces

128
Q

What parasite produces this “Moroccan Leather” appearance in the abomasal folds that is common in cattle and sheep

A

Ostertagia

129
Q

Enteritis in piglets caused by swine coronavirus that causes severe villous atrophy leading to high mortality in piglets.

A

Transmissible Gastro-enteritis (TGE)

130
Q

If you see this chronic pyogranulomatous white multifocal to coalescing neprhitis that follows the blood vessels, what is this diagnostic of?

A

Dry form of Feline infectious peritonitis

*FOLLOWS BLOOD VESSELS

131
Q

What parasite caused the lesions from a pig in this picture and what is is called?

A

Ascaris suum

Milk spotted liver

132
Q

What inflammation of the gums is shown in this picture of a cat?

A

Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis

*enflamed/red gums

Pathology Exam 1 (1 decks)

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