Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Pathology of Rashes > Flashcards

Pathology of Rashes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What cells does the epidermis mainly consist of?

A

Maturing squamous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the mitotic pool of the epidermis?

A

Basal Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are melanocytes found in normal skin?

A

dermo-epidermal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ratio of melanocytes: basal cells?

A

1:10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of epithelium is the normal epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prominent in the prickle cell layer?

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the granular layer rich in?

A

Keratohyalin granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the corneal layer rich in?

A

Differentiated keratinised cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do corneocytes turn into?

A

House dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are melanocytes found in normal epidermis?

A

Basal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do melanocytes transfer pigment?

A

Transfer pigment to keratinocytes via dendritic processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are langerhans cells found?

A

Upper and mid-epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of langerhans cells?

A

Sentinels monitoring environment for antigens, important in initiating inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the dermis

A
  • Matrix of type 1 and 111 collagen
  • Elastic fibres
  • ground substances; hyaluronic acid + chondroitin sulphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure and location of the papillary dermis

A

Thin, lies just beneath the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the structure and location of the reticular dermis

A
  • Thicker bundles of type 1 collagen

- reticular dermis contains appendage structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the epidermal BM consist of?

A

Laminin and collagen IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define hyperkeratosis?

A

Increased thickness of keratin layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define parakeratosis?

A

Persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define acanthosis?

A

Increased thickness of epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define papillomatosis?

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define spongiosis?

A

Oedema fluid between squames appears to increase prominence of intercellular prickles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four patterns of inflammatory skin disease?

A
  1. Spongiotic
  2. Psoriasform
  3. Lichenoid
  4. Vesiculobullous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe a spongiotic condition?

A

Intraepidermal oedema e.g. eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe a psoriasform condition?

A

Elongation of the rete ridges e.g. psoriasis

26
Q

Describe a lichenoid condition?

A

Basal layer damage e.g. lichen plants and lupus

27
Q

Describe a vesiculobullous condition?

A

Blistering e.g. pemphigoid, pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis

28
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of psoriasis?

A
  • Epidermal hyperplasia
  • Increased epidermal turnover
  • Hereditary factors
  • Associated specific HLA types
  • New lesions at sites of trauma (koebner)
  • Complement mediated attack on keratin layer
29
Q

What is the prototypic lichenoid disorder?

A

Lichen planus

30
Q

Describe the lesions in lichen planus

A

Itchy flat topped violaceous papule

31
Q

Describe the histology of lichen planus

A
  • Irregular sawtooth acanthosis
  • Hypergranulosis and orthohyperkeratosis
  • Band-like upper dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes
  • Basal damage with formation of cytoid bodies
32
Q

What other lichenoid disorders resemble lichen planus?

A

Discoid Lupus

Drug rashes

33
Q

What lichenoid disorders have a more marked vacuolar interface change?

A

Erythema multiforme, TEN

34
Q

When do vesicles and bullae occur?

A

Vesicles and bullae occur as a secondary phenomenon in many skin diseases e.g. eczema

35
Q

Name three examples of immunobullous diseases?

A

Pemphigus
Bullus pemphigoid
Dermatitis herpetiformis

36
Q

What is the cause of pemphigus?

A

Rare autoimmune disease with four subtypes

Loss of integrity of epidermal cell adhesion

37
Q

What does pemphigus respond to?

A

Steroids

38
Q

What is the most common form of pemphigus?

A

80% of cases are pemphigus vulgaris

39
Q

What is the cause of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

IgG auto-antibodies made against desmoglein 3

40
Q

What is the function of desmoglein 3?

A

Maintains desmosomal attachments

41
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Immune complexes form on cell surface

Complement activation and protease release

Disruption of desmosomes

End result is acantholysis

42
Q

Where does pemphigus vulgaris affect?

A

Skin esp scalp, face, axillae, groin, trunk

May affect mucosal in mouth, resp tract

43
Q

What happens to the blisters in pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Rupture to form shallow erosions

44
Q

What is common to all variants of pemphigus?

A

Acantholysis= lysis of intercellular adhesion sites

45
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

Subepidermal blister formation

46
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid?

A

Circulating antibodies (IgG) react with a major and/or minor antigen of the hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to the basement membrane. The result is local complement activation and tissue damage

47
Q

What is there no evidence of in bullous pemphigoid?

A

Acantholysis

48
Q

What is seen in immunofluorescence of bulgur pemphigoid?

A

Linear IgG + complement deposited about the BM

49
Q

What do old lesions of pemphigoid show?

A

Re-epithelialisation of their floor, mimicking pemphigus vulgarisms

50
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Autoimmune bullous disease

51
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with?

A

Coeliac disease (HLA-DQ2 haplotype)

52
Q

What is seen in dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Intensely itchy lesions-symmetrical

Elbows, knees and buttocks often excoriated

Hallmark= papillary derma micro abscesses

53
Q

What is seen in DIF or dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

IgA in dermal papillae

54
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

IgA antibodies target gliadin component of gluten but cross react with connective tissue matrix proteins

Immune complexes form in dermal papillae and activate complement and generate neutrophil chemotaxins

55
Q

Describe the aetiology of acne?

A

Increased androgens at puberty

Increased androgen sensitivity of sebaceous gland

Keratin plugging of pilosebaceous units

Infection with anaerobic bacterium corynebacterium acnes

56
Q

What does rupture of pilosebaceous unit cause?

A

Acute inflammation and foreign body granulomas

57
Q

What is seen in rosacea?

A

Recurrent facial flushing

Visible blood vessels

Pustules

Thickening of the skin-rhinophyma

58
Q

What trigger aggravate acne rosacea?

A

Sunlight
Alcohol
Spicy foods
Stress

59
Q

What does rosacea respond to?

A

Tetracyclines

60
Q

Describe the pathology of rosacea?

A
  • Vascular ectasia
  • Patchy inflammation with plasma cells
  • Pustules
  • Periofollicular granulomas
  • Follicular demodex mites often notes

Is it an allergic reaction to mites

61
Q

What is nikolsky’s sign?

A

The top layer of skin slips away from lower layer when slightly rubbed

Suggests plane of cleavage is within the epidermis

Dermatology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions