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Respiratory pathology > Pathology of pulmonary vascular disease > Flashcards

Pathology of pulmonary vascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pulmonary circulation

A
  • dual blood supply
  • Low pressure system
  • Recieves entire cardiac output
  • Thin walled - less likely to get atherosclerosis at normal pressures
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2
Q

what are the causes of pulmonary oedema

A
  • Increased haemodynamic pressure
  • Cellular injury- to alveolar lining or epithelium
  • localised Pneumonia
  • Leads to ARDS
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3
Q

Describe ARDS

A

Acute respiratorty distress syndorme

  • Severe inflammatory reaction of the lungs due to pulmonary damage
  • Also known as shock lung
  • Acute and rapidly progressive hypoxia with bilateral pulmonary edema
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4
Q

What are the causes of ARDS

A
  • Sepsis
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • pneumonia
  • Oxygen
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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ARDs

A

Injury via bacterial toxins -> Infiltration of inflammatory cells -> Cytokines -> Oxygen free radicals -> Injury to cell membranes -> Can cause fibrsosis

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6
Q

What are the pathological features of ARDS

A
  • Fibronious exudate lining Alveolar walls
  • Cellular regeneration
  • Inflammation
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7
Q

Complications of ARDS

A
  • Death
  • Resolution
  • Fibrosis - restrictive lung disease
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8
Q

Describe neonatal RDs

A
  • Surfactant deficiency leads to high surface tension and increase effort into inflating lungs which can lead to cellular damage
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9
Q

What type of emoli are in PE

A

Thromboemboli ( formed from DVT)

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10
Q

What does DVT look like

A
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11
Q

What is pulmonary infarction

A

An infarction of the lung parenchyma that results from embolic occlusion of the smaller segmental arteries (segmental pulmonary embolism), leading to a wedge-shaped area of hemorrhage and necrosis. Anastomoses between pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries prevent infarction when medium-sized pulmonary arteries are occluded.

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12
Q

What is the gross appreance of Pulmonary emboli

A
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13
Q

What is the gross appreance of a pulmonary infarct

A
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14
Q

What are the causes of PH

A
  • Hypoxia - vasoconstriction
  • Congenital heart disease- increase blood flow through pulmonary circulation
  • PE or other blockage
  • Back pressure form LHF
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15
Q

What are gross features of pulmonary hypertension

A
  • Medial hypertrophy of arteries
  • Intimal thickening- fibrosis
  • Atheroma
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Necrosis in extreme cases
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16
Q

What are histological features of PH

A
  • Intimal fibrosis
  • Plexiform lesions
17
Q

Describe Cole polmonale

A
  • Right heart disease cuassed by pulmonary hypertension -> Right ventricular hypertrophy -> right ventricular dilation -> Right heart failure
18
Q

What is a cardiac feature due to hypertension

A

Cardiomegaly due to Right ventricular dilation

19
Q
A

Respiratory pathology (1 decks)

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