Pathology of Oral Cavity Flashcards
What did Sir William Osler refer the mouth to?
the mirror of the body
What is Odontology?
the science dealing with the teeth, their structure and development, and their diseases
With what 2 sets of teeth are humans born?
- primary (deciduous)= 20 teeth, which are lost by age 6.
2. permanent (adult)= 32 teeth
What are the upper and lower teeth called, respectively?
- upper= maxillary
- lower= mandibular
What are the subgroups of the primary (deciduous/baby) teeth?
- 8 incisors
- 4 canines
- 8 molars
- charted A-T
Are there any premolars or third molars in primary teeth?
NO
When do the first teeth come into a baby’s mouth?
around 6 months (central incisors first)
What is the normal age range for mixed dentition?
6-12 years of age
What are the subgroups of the permanent (adult) teeth?
- 8 incisors
- 4 canines
- 8 premolars
- 12 molars
- charted as 1-32
By what age range will most (28/32) of the permanent teeth be in function?
12.5 - 17 years
BY what age range will the third molars (wisdom teeth) erupt if present?
17 - 21 years
What are impacted teeth?
when wisdom teeth grow in from the sides preventing their eruption as they collide with adjacent molars
What is hypodontia?
some teeth missing
What is oligodontia?
6+ teeth missing
What is andontia (rare)?
complete absence of all primary or permanent teeth
What teeth are most commonly missing (if there are missing teeth)?
the last teeth in each series (third molars > lateral incisors > second premolars)
What are “peg laterals”?
rudimentary (microdont) aka tiny lateral incisors
What are supernumerary teeth?
additional tooth buds that normally form along the midline (mesodens) and are more common on the upper teeth (maxillary) and more in males
** What is Cleidocranial Dysostosis?
rare congenital disorder of bone, characterized by abnormalities of the clavicles, skull, and jaws, as well as by occasional stunting of long bones.
*multiple supernumerary teeth (many impacted) are also common in this disorder.
** What is Gardner’s Syndrome?
also known as familial colorectal polyposis, which is cancer of the colon and rectum and is characterized by the occurrence of multiple, impacted supernumerary teeth.
Do the roots of teeth sit close to the surface (superficially)?
YES
What is a parulus?
gum boil that is a drainage point for a tooth abscess. The abscess is caused by the body’s response to the toxins, which drain out of the tip of a root with a dead nerve.
In immunocompromised people, what can an upper tooth infection progress to?
cause a cellulitis (usually Strep or Bacteroides) and progress to the maxillary sinus
What are caries?
dental decay due to PLAQUE, SUGAR, and STREPTOCOCCI MUTANS (all 3). Strep mutans metabolizes sugar to lactic acid, which dissolves the calcium phosphate in tooth enamel.
*most prevalent human disease in the world.
Do many people have “soft teeth”?
NO (very very few)
What may xylitol do (found in Trident gum)?
help prevent tooth decay
What is plaque?
yellowish sticky paste that accumulates on unbrushed teeth. Thick mucous film created by bacteria that hardens to become calculus (tartar)
*must brush or floss to remove!
What is gingivitis?
inflammation of the gums due to plaque left around the necks of teeth for a long time and responsible for bad breath.
What is periodontitis?
inflammation around teeth
Is there a link between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease?
YES and c-reactive protein is an acute phase reactant of inflammation that can indicate bacterial infection.
What is nursing bottle syndrome (early childhood caries)?
deterioration of teeth do to allowance of children to suck on sweet things for too long. Sign of neglect!
What is meth mouth?
tooth decay and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) due to poor hygiene, poor nutrition, high sugar intake, and prolonged stress. Bad breath is also associated, obviously.
*also called “trench mouth” of soldiers in WWI
Can stomach acid (from bulimia) or GERD, and certain food products like lemons or Mountain Dew cause enamel erosion?
YES
What is an aphthous (canker)?
most common oral ulceration thought to be an auto-immune process or type IV hypersensitiviy, and often triggered by stress.
*cytomegalovirus, hormones, or nutritional deficiences can also cause them.
What is important to know about Herpesvirus?
- HSV-1 usually establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglion and cause cold sores, or fever blisters along the lips or nasal orifices.
- HSV-2= herpes genitalis (esablishing latency in sacral ganglion).
- can treat with acyclovir or valtrex
What is the most common STD in the U.S.?
HPV and may play an important role in oral cancer of the tonsils and base of tongue.
What types of HPV cause 70% of cervical cancers?
HPV-16 and 18
