Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS 216 - Hematology Exam > Pathology of Hematology (Dept. of Pathology) > Flashcards

Pathology of Hematology (Dept. of Pathology) Flashcards

1
Q

Two subtypes of RBC disorders

A

Anemia (inadequate RBC) and polycythemia (excess RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width values indicate with regards to the property of the RBCs?

A

MCV - microcytic, macrocytic, etc.
MCH - hypochromic, hyperchromic, etc.
RDW - percentage of RBC with poikilocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Platelet count indicative of thrombocytosis

A

Anything above 400000 to 450000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the magic number for leukemia? What is the exception?

A

20% (ex. >=20% blasts in AML)

Exception: Multiple myeloma (>= 30% blasts, plasmacytosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definitive evidence of myeloid differentiation

A

Presence of Auer rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Disease associated with the “Philadelphia gene” (chromosome 9, 22 translocation)

A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Disease associated with “butt cells”

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disease associated with “smudge cells”

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disease associated with rouleaux formation

A

Multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Neoplasms may arise at any maturation stage involving one or more cell lines

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define: Hematopoiesis

A

How blood elements are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enumerate the myeloid stem cells

A

Erythroblast (RBC)
Megakaryoblast (Megakaryocyte)
Myeloblast (Bone Marrow Cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enumerate the lymphoid stem cells

A

Pre B lymphocyte

Pro T lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two main subtypes of red cell disorders

A

Anemias

Polycythemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In aplastic anemia, error occurs at which stage?

A

Multipotent myeloid stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics of Aplastic Anemia in PBS

A

Pancytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of Aplastic Anemia in BM

A

Hypocellular
Replaced by fat cells
With residual lymphoid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of Iron Deficiency Anemia in PBS

A

Hypochromic, microcytic red cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of Iron Deficiency Anemia in BMS

A

Increased erythropoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F: There is decreased RDW in Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

False

It is increased!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

RDW indicates the percentage of RBC with what?

A

Poikilocytosis (abnormal cellular shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Two main subtypes of platelet disorders

A

Qualitative

Quantitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Platelet count for thrombocytosis

A

> 400 – 450k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normal platelet count in OIF

A

20 – 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Two main subtypes of WBC disorders

A

Reactive

Neoplastic

26
Q

T/F: ALL tends to occur among the elderly, while CLL tends to occur in the young.

A

False

It’s the other way around.

27
Q

Subtypes of neoplastic WBC disorders

A

Myeloid

Lymphoid

28
Q

Myeloid neoplastic WBC disorders

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

29
Q

Lymphoid neoplastic WBC disorders

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Multiple Myeloma (MM)

30
Q

Maturation pathway of myelopoiesis

A
  1. Myeloblast
  2. Promyelocyte
  3. Myelocyte
  4. Metamyelocyte
  5. Band Cell
  6. Neutrophil
31
Q

Trend as cell matures in myelopoiesis

A

N:C ratio decreases

32
Q

Confirmatory evidence that cell is myeloid in origin

A

Presence of granules

33
Q

Magic number for leukemia

A

20% (except for CLL)

34
Q

Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in PBS

A

Increased or decreased WBC
Anemia
Decreased platelets

35
Q

Characteristics of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in BMS

A

> /= 20% blasts

36
Q

Formed by fusion of azurophilic granules and definitive evidence of myeloid differentiation

A

Auer rods

37
Q

Occurrence of Auer rods

A

20% of AMLs

38
Q

Difference of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) from Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A

No differentiation past promyelocytic stage

39
Q

Characteristics of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) in PBS

A

Numerous Auer rods

40
Q

Characteristics of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML) in BMS

A

Hypercellular

Structural adipose disappears

41
Q

Promyelocyte with multiple Auer rods

A

Faggot cells

42
Q

Characteristics of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) in PBS

A

Leukocytosis with immature cells

43
Q

Characteristics of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) in BMS

A

Hypercellular with granulocytic and megakaryocytic hyperplasia

44
Q

Definitive diagnosis of CML (95% of cases)

A

Identification of Philadelphia chromosome t(9,22) via karyotyping

45
Q

T/F: Presence of Philadelphia chromosome is specific for CML

A

False

It is also found in all ALL and occasionally AML.

46
Q

Neoplasm of precursor B- or T- lymphoid cells

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

47
Q

Characteristics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in PBS

A

Increased or decreased WBC
Anemia
Decreased platelets

48
Q

Characteristics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in BMS

A

Hypercellular w/ numerous lymphoblasts

49
Q

T/F: You cannot tell the type of leukemia using only BM biopsy.

A

True

50
Q

Subtle cue pointing to ALL

A

Presence of butt cells

51
Q

Neoplasm of mature B-lymphoid cells

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

52
Q

Characteristic of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in PBS

A

Leukocytosis

Lymphocytosis

53
Q

Characteristic of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in BMS

A

Lymphoid aggregates/infiltrates

54
Q

Subtle cue pointing to CLL

A

Presence of smudge cells (artifacts of ruptured cells)

55
Q

Neoplasms of plasma cells with production of monoclonal Igs (alpha or kappa chains only)

A

Multiple myeloma

56
Q

Diagnosis of multiple myeloma

A

Clinical
Radiographic (lytic lesions)
Laboratory features

57
Q

Characteristics of Multiple Myeloma (MM) in PBS

A

Anemia

58
Q

Characteristics of Multiple Myeloma (MM) in BMS

A

Plasmacytosis (>30%)

59
Q

Characteristics of plasma cells

A
  1. Eccentric nuclei
  2. Bluish-violet cytoplasm
  3. Clockface appearance of nuclei
60
Q

Seen in conditions with increased plasma fibrinogen or globulins like multiple myeloma

A

Rouleaux formation

61
Q

Presence of RBC rouleaux is due to this

A

Increased N-proteins

OS 216 - Hematology Exam (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions