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Foundations II > Pathology of Full and Empty Conditions (p403-417) > Flashcards

Pathology of Full and Empty Conditions (p403-417) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: An external pathogenic factor may become an internal pathogenic factor.

A

True

ex. external Wind may turn into Heat and become internal

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2
Q

What are the only 3 cases in which an external pathogenic factor can penetrate the Interior from the beginning. without going through an exterior stage?

A
  • invasion of Cold in the Stomach (acute epigastric pain and vomiting)
  • invasion of Cold in the Intestines (acute abdominal pain and diarrhea)
  • invasion of Cold in the Uterus (acute dysmenorrhea)
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3
Q

What internal pathogenic factor may a deficiency of LU, SP, and KD give rise to?

A

Phlegm

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4
Q

What internal pathogenic factor may a SP deficiency give rise to?

A

Dampness

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5
Q

List 8 examples of Internal Pathogenic Factors:

A
  • qi stagnation
  • blood stasis
  • internal wind
  • internal dampness
  • internal cold
  • phlegm
  • heat
  • fire
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6
Q

What are internal pathogenic factors caused by?

A

internal disharmony

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7
Q

What are 4 major causes of qi stagnation?

A
  • emotional strain
  • irregular eating
  • excessive physical work
  • lack of exercise
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8
Q

Can all emotions lead to qi stagnation?

A

Yes, even those that deplete qi may eventually lead to qi stagnation
(ex. sadness and grief deplete qi, especially LU, this impairs circulation of qi in chest and some qi stagnation in this area will ensue)

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9
Q

5 examples of emotions that directly cause qi stagnatio:

A
  • anger
  • frustration
  • resentment
  • worry
  • pensiveness
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10
Q

What is the chief symptom of qi stagnation?

A

distension (zhang)

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11
Q

These are symptoms of what internal pathogenic factor?:

  • feeling of distension
  • mental depression
  • irritability
  • gloomy feeling
  • frequent mood swings
  • frequent sighing
  • wiry pulse
  • tongue body either normal-coloured or slightly Red on the sides (LR)
A

QI Stagnation

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12
Q

T/F: Qi stagnation does not just affect the Liver, it can also affect the LU, HT, SP, ST, and Intestines

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Qi Stagnation can cause some very serious diseases from a Western Medical perspective.

A

False:

Blood stasis is often involved in very serious diseases (cancer, stroke, heart disease)

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14
Q

Will abdominal distension affecting the LR and LI caused by Qi Stagnation be relieved by a bowel movement?

A

No

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15
Q

Will abdominal distension affecting the LR and LI caused by Dampness or retention of food be relieved by a bowel movement?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is the nature of pain caused by Blood Stasis?

A

sharp/stabbing, fixed

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17
Q

What pulse qualities are associated with Blood stasis? (3)

A

wiry, choppy, firm

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18
Q

What organ is most frequently affected by stasis of blood?

A

LR

other affected organs: HT, LU, ST, LI, Uterus

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19
Q

What does Blood stasis usually derive from? (6)

A
  • qi stagnation
  • cold
  • heat
  • qi deficiency
  • Blood deficiency
  • phlegm
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20
Q

What other pathological conditions does Blood stasis cause? (5)

A
  • heat
  • dryness
  • qi deficiency
  • Blood deficiency
  • Bleeding (haemorrhage)

(see diagram pg.406)

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21
Q

What are the main clinical manifestations of Interior Wind? (5+)

A
  • tremors
  • tics
  • severe dizziness
  • vertigo
  • numbness

(in severe cases: unconsciousness, convulsions, opisthotonus, hemiplegia, deviation of mouth)

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22
Q

What is Interior Wind always related to?

A

Liver disharmony

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23
Q

What conditions can Internal Wind arise from? (4)

A
  • Extreme heat can give rise to LR-Wind
  • LR-Yang Rising can give rise to LR-Wind in prolonged cases
  • Liver-Fire can give rise to LR-Wind
  • Deficiency of LR-Blood and/or LR-Yin can give rise to LR-Wind
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24
Q

How does deficiency of LR-Blood and/or LR-Yin give rise to LR-Wind? What are the symptoms? (5)

A
  • def of Blood creates empty space within Blood vessels, which is taken up by Wind
  • numbness, dizziness, blurred vision, tics, slight tremors
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25
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of LR-Yang Rising giving rise to LR-Wind in prolonged cases? (6)

A
  • severe dizziness
  • vertigo
  • headaches
  • tremors
  • tics
  • irritability
26
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Extreme heat giving rise to LR-Wind? (5)

A
  • high fever
  • delirium
  • convulsion
  • coma
  • opisthotonos
27
Q

What are Maciocia’s general points for internal Wind? (2)

A

LR-3 Taichong; DU-16 Fengfu

28
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of Dampness according to Maciocia?

A

1) Heaviness (feeling of tiredness, heaviness of limbs or head, fuzzy feeling in head)
2) Dirtiness (turbid urine, other ‘dirty’ discharges)
3) Stickiness (sticky tongue coating, sticky taste, slippery pulse)

29
Q

What are these symptoms of:
feeling of fullness in the abdomen, feeling of heaviness, lethargy, turbid urine, excessive vaginal discharge, muscle aches, sinus problems, sticky taste

A

Dampness

30
Q

What does Empty-Cold derive from?

A

Yang deficiency

31
Q

What does Full-Cold derive from?

A

a transformation of external cold

32
Q

What sort of pain does internal cold produce?

A
  • crampy

- relieved with heat

33
Q

What symptoms does Internal Cold produce? (7)

A
  • feeling of cold
  • lack of thirst
  • thin, clear discharges
  • cold limbs
  • bright-white complexion
  • white tongue coating
  • slow pulse
34
Q

What is the main difference in symptoms of Full-Cold versus Empty-Cold?

A

Full-Cold characterized by: excess symptoms

  • acute onset
  • severe pain
  • tongue thick white coating, pulse full and tight

Empty Cold: deficiency symptoms

  • less intense pain
  • pale tongue w/ thin white coating
  • pulse is slow-deep-weak
35
Q

What zang fu deficiency is the main cause for Phlegm formation?

A

SP deficiency (T and T of fluids fails, these accumulate and transform into Phlegm)

36
Q

What are the two secondary zang fu involved in the formation of Phlegm?

A

LU: fails to diffuse and and descend fluids
KD: fails to transform, steam, and excrete fluids

the fluids them may transform into Phlegm

37
Q

What are the (3) essential signs of Phlegm?

A
  • swollen tongue body
  • sticky tongue coating
  • slippery or wiry pulse
38
Q

The following are symptoms of which pathogen?
feeling of oppression in chest, nausea, feeling of heaviness, fuzziness of head, dizziness, lack of lustre of eyes, dark eye sockets, sallow complexion, swollen body - puffy face - obesity, greasy skin, sweaty external genitalia - armpits - palms - soles, enlarged fingers and toes, thick thumbs…

A

Phlegm

39
Q

T/F: Phlegm is an accumulation of Yin, and as such, it will injure Yang.

A

True

40
Q

An impairment of the warming, movement, transportation, transformation, and excretion of fluids will lead to formation of Phlegm. Which zang fu are involved in this?

A 
LU-Qi: diffuse and disperse
HT-Qi: moving and transporting
SP-Yang: transforming and transporting
KD-Yang: warming, transforming, excreting
LR-Qi: free-flow of qi
41
Q

A need to swallow and/or spit, sticky saliva at corners of mouth, and nausea and vomiting can all be symptoms of which pathogenic factor?

A

Phlegm

42
Q

What are the characteristics of lumps deriving from Phlegm?

A
  • relatively soft on palpation

- usually painless

43
Q

Which two insidious internal pathogenic factors reinforce each other in a vicious cycle because of the mutual exchange between Body Fluids and Blood?

A

Blood stasis; Phlegm

44
Q

The interaction between Blood Stasis and Phlemg may cause which manifestations? (5)

A
  • dark nails
  • dark complexion
  • purple lips
  • purple and swollen tongue
  • dark rings under the eyes
45
Q

How does Phlegm often manifest on the tongue?

A

ST crack, w a dry, sticky coating inside it

46
Q

Which zang fu does phlegm affect most?

A

ST (and SP- Middle Burner)

47
Q

T/F: “In complicated syndromes, treat Phlegm.”

A

True

48
Q

T/F: “If you can see phlegm, treat phlegm.”

A

True

49
Q

T/F: “In strange diseases (with conflicting symptoms), treat Phlegm.”

A

True

50
Q

What are the main internal causes of Heat?

A
  • emotional strain ( leads to qi stagnation, then leads to heat)
  • diet
51
Q

Which internal pathogen are these symptoms indicative of?:

red face, feeling of heat, thirst, mental restlessness, Red tongue, overflowing-rapid pulse

A

Heat

52
Q

T/F: Heat and Cold can coexist.

A

True

ex KD-Yang deficiency, therefor Empty-Cold, and Damp-Heat in BL

53
Q

What are some Internal causes of Fire?

A
  • excessive consumption of hot foods
  • alcohol
  • emotional stress (stagnant qi leads to Fire)
54
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Fire?

A
  • red face, eyes
  • swelling and pain of eyes
  • tongue/ mouth ulcers
  • scanty dark urine
  • dry stools
  • insomnia
  • bleeding
  • mental restlessness
  • agitation
  • outbursts of anger (LR-Fire)
  • red tongue
  • rapid pulse
55
Q

What are some differences between Fire and Heat?

A
  • Fire is more “solid” than Heat
  • tends to dry out and move more
  • Fire affects Mind more than Heat, causing agitation, anxiety, insomnia, mental illness
56
Q

What is the nature of Fire? (5)

A
  • rise to the head
  • dry fluids
  • injure Blood and Yin
  • cause bleeding
  • affect the Mind
57
Q

What points clear Heat and drain Fire?

A

Ying points (second points) of every channel. (LR-2, HT-8, BL-66, etc)

58
Q

Which sort of condition will manifest with symptoms that are relatively severe and intense? (may be either chronic or acute)

A

Full Conditions

59
Q

What is the difference in pain between a Full condition and an Empty condition?

A

Empty: mild, more an ache than a pain
Full: severe and intense

60
Q

What is an Empty Condition characterized by?

A

a deficiency of Upright Qi (Zheng Qi)

61
Q

T/F: Empty Conditions are most often chronic and gradually developing deficiencies.

A

True

62
Q

What is a mixed Full/Empty condition characterized by?

A

the presence of a pathogenic factor AND an Upright Qi (Zheng Qi) deficiency.

Foundations II (3 decks)

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