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MSS 2 > Pathology of Bone Disease > Flashcards

Pathology of Bone Disease Flashcards

1
Q

*** What is an OSTEOMA?

A
  • benign tumor of bone
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2
Q

Where do osteomas most commonly arise?

A
  • on the surface of facial bones
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3
Q

With what syndrome is osteoma associated?

A
  • GARDNER SYNDROME= familial adenomatous polyposis + fibromatosis (non-neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts) of the retroperitoneum
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4
Q

** What is OSTEOID OSTEOMA?

A
  • benign tumor of osteoBLASTS (that produce osteoid), surrounded by a rim of reactive bone (osteoma).
  • arises in CORTEX of LONG BONES (specifically the DIAPHYSIS).
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5
Q

In what age group does osteoid osteoma occur?

A
  • young adults less than age 25.
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6
Q

** How does osteoid osteoma present?

A
  • bone PAIN that RESOLVES with ASPIRIN.
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7
Q

What will you see on imaging with osteoid osteoma?

A
  • bony mass (less than 2 cm) with a RADIOLUCENT (osteoid) core.
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8
Q

** What is an OSTEOBLASTOMA?

A
  • similar to osteoid osteoma, but is larger than 2 cm.

* arises in vertebrae and presents as bone pain that does NOT RESPOND to ASPIRIN.

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9
Q

** What is an OSTEOCHONDROMA?

A
  • benign tumor of bone with an OVERYLYING CARTILAGE CAP, that arises from a lateral projection of the growth plate (METAPHYSIS).
  • MOST COMMON benign tumor of bone.
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10
Q

What can happen to the overlying cartilage of an osteochondroma?

A
  • can transform (rarely) to chondroSARCOMA.
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11
Q

** What is an OSTEOSARCOMA? (PICMONIC)

A
  • MALIGNANT proliferation of OSTEOBLASTS.

- arises in the METAPHYSIS of long bones (usually DISTAL FEMUR or PROXIMAL TIBIA).

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12
Q

In what age group is osteosarcoma mostly seen?

A
  • TEENAGERS

* less commonly in the elderly.

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for osteosarcoma?

A
  • familial retinoblastoma (Rb)
  • PAGET DISEASE (elderly)
  • radiation exposure (elderly)
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14
Q

How does osteosarcoma present?

A
  • as pathologic FRACTURE or bone PAIN with SWELLING.
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15
Q

** What will you see on imaging with osteosarcoma?

A
  • destructive mass with a ‘SUNBURST’ appearance and lifting of the periosteum (CODMAN TRIANGLE).
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16
Q

What would a biopsy reveal of an osteosarcoma?

A
  • large pleomorphic cells that produce pink osteoid
17
Q

** What is a GIANT CELL TUMOR? (PICMONIC)

A
  • tumor comprised of multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells, arising in the EPIPHYSIS of the DISTAL FEMUR or PROXIMAL TIBIA (similar location to osteosarcoma).
  • occurs in YOUNG ADULTS.
18
Q

What specific appearance will you see on x-ray of a giant cell tumor?

A
  • SOAP-BUBBLE appearance.
19
Q

** What is EWING SARCOMA? (PICMONIC)

A
  • MALIGNANT proliferation of poorly-differentiated cells derived from NEUROECTODERM.
  • arises in the DIAPHYSIS of LONG BONES.
  • often presents with metastasis, but is responsive to chemotherapy.
20
Q

*** In what age group will you see EWING sarcoma?

A
  • male CHILDREN less than 15 years of age.
21
Q

*** What will you see on x-ray in EWING sarcoma?

A
  • ONION-SKIN appearance.
22
Q

*** What will a biopsy reveal in EWING sarcoma?

A
  • small, round BLUE CELLS that resemble lymphocytes.

* can be confused with lymphoma or chronic osteomyelitis.

23
Q

** How can you distinguish EWING sarcoma from lymphoma or chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • 11:22 translocation
24
Q

** What is a CHONDROMA?

A
  • benign tumor of CARTILAGE.
  • usually arises in the MEDULLA of small bones of the HANDS and FEET.
  • ENchondroma= growing inside the bone
25
Q

What is a CHONDROSARCOMA?

A
  • MALIGNANT CARTILAGE-forming tumor.

- arises in the MEDULLA of the PELVIS or CENTRAL SKELETON.

26
Q

*** Are metastatic tumors more or less common than primary tumors of the bone?

A
  • MORE COMMON
27
Q

*** In what do metastatic bone tumors usually result?

A
  • osteoLYTIC (punched-out) lesions
28
Q

** How does METASTATIC PROSTATIC carcinoma present in the bone, that is different than most metastases to bone?

A
  • produces osteoBLASTIC lesions
29
Q

** What syndromes are associated with chondromas?

A
  • Ollier’s disease= unilateral chondromas and ovarian tumors.
  • Maffucci’s syndrome= chondromas and soft tissue hemangiomas.
30
Q

What is a chondroblastoma?

A
  • painful tumor occurring in the epiphysis.
  • more cellular than a chondroma.
  • chicken wire pattern
31
Q

What is a chondromyxoid fibroma?

A
  • fibrous tumor of cartilage and mucinous structures.
  • well defined lytic lesion.
  • looks sold, yellowish to tan.
32
Q

What may a chondromyxoid fibroma resemble?

A
  • chondrosarcoma
33
Q

What is a chordoma?

A
  • malignant tumor that destroys bone.
  • gelatinous, soft, hemorrhage.
  • cells grow in cords and lobules separated by mucoid matrix.
  • PHYSALIFEROUS CELLS.
34
Q

What syndromes are associated with fibrous dysplasia?

A
  • McCune-Albright syndrome= precocious puberty or other endocrine abnormalities and hyperpigmentation.
  • Mazabraud syndrome= intramuscular myxomas.

MSS 2 (15 decks)

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