Pathology Mblex

Question 1

A client has come to you with a doctor’s prescription indicating “massage for comfort”, you can assume this means?

a) Preoperative
b) Postoperative
c) Terminally ill
d) Menopause

Answer 1

Terminally ill
Rationale: Terminally ill patients should be offered a relaxation massage.

Question 2

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa and is a/an:

a) Condition of the CNS
b) Overuse injury
c) Postural dysfunction
d) Musculoskeletal injury

Answer 2

Overuse injury
Rationale: Any repeated activity can cause an overuse injury, it occurs when repetitive microtrauma overloads the tissue’s ability to repair itself. Overuse injuries include: Plantar fasciitis, periostitis/ compartment syndrome, tendinitis, bursitis, and frozen shoulder.

Question 3

Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon and is a/an:

a) Overuse injury
b) Musculoskeletal injury
c) Joint dysfunction
d) Systemic condition

Answer 3

Overuse injury
Rationale: Any repeated activity can cause an overuse injury, it occurs when repetitive microtrauma overloads the tissue’s ability to repair itself. Overuse injuries include: Plantar fasciitis, periostitis/ compartment syndrome, tendinitis, bursitis, and frozen shoulder.

Question 4

When the pancreas secretes either not enough insulin or the body is unable to recognize the insuline properly, it is typical of:

a) Anemia
b) Leukemia
c) Type l diabetes
d) Type ll diabetes

Answer 4

Type ll diabetes
Rationale: In Type ll non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) the pancreas produces inadequate insulin or the body is unable to utilize the insulin production. This type of diabetes can be linked to poor diet. Tissue health is to be observed for appropriate treatments.

Question 5

Pain felt at the lateral epicondyle is a symptom of:

a) Radial epicondylitis
b) Golfer’s elbow
c) Tennis elbow
d) Common flexor tendinosis

Answer 5

Tennis elbow
Rationale: Tennis elbow is also known as common extensor tendinosis and lateral epicondylitis. Pain is felt at the lateral epicondyle, most specifically on the extensor carpi radialis brevis origin.

Question 6

Which of the following is an extrinsic disorder that can cause frozen shoulder?

a) Rotator cuff tendinitis or tears
b) Chronic bronchitis
c) Subacromial bursitis
d) Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

Chronic bronchitis

Rationale: Extrinsic disorders that may cause frozen shoulder are; Hemiplegia, myocardial infraction, chronic bronchitis/emphysema (pulmonary disorders), fractures of the humerus, mastectomy, lymph node biopsy, coronary bypass surgery. Intrinsic traumas or disorders include; osteoarthritis, dislocations, subacromial bursitis, impingement syndrome, gout, inflammatory synovitis and rotator cuff tendinitis.

Question 7

Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory pathology that is defined as a(n):

a) Enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and the destruction of the alveolar walls
b) Condition that results in the production of purulent sputum
c) Acute or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
d) Chronic inflammatory disorder with bronchospasms

Answer 7

Condition that results in the production of purulent sputum

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is a respiratory pathology resulting in the production of purulent sputum for at least three months in a row over a consecutive two years. Sinusitis is a respiratory pathology that is an acute or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Emphysema is an enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles and the destruction of the alveolar walls. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder with bronchospasms (narrowing of the airways in the lungs), a condition that is reversible over time or following treatment.

Question 8

Numbness and tingling in the arm and the medial 4th and 5th digits is a symptom of:

a) Carpal tunnel syndrome
b) Piriformis
c) Thoracic outlet syndrome
d) Costonavicular syndrome

Answer 8

Thoracic outlet syndrome
Rationale: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition that involves the compression of the brachial plexus and its accompanying subclavian artery. Costonavicular is made up.

Question 9

A cramp is a:

a) Involuntary, sustained contraction of a muscle
b) Voluntary, prolonged muscle contraction
c) Prolonged muscle spasm
d) Short, painless, protective contraction

Answer 9

Prolonged muscle spasm

Rationale: Spasm= an involuntary, sustained contraction of a muscle. A cramp is a common or lay term for painful, prolonged muscle spasm.

Question 10

Varicose veins are abnormally large and bulging veins caused by impaired function of the venous valves and is termed a(n):

a) Joint dysfunction
b) Condition of the PNS
c) Circulatory pathology or dysfunction
d) Condition of the CNS

Answer 10

Circulatory pathology or dysfunction
Rationale: Circulatory pathologies and dysfunctions include: hypertension, congestive heart failure, Raynaud’s phenomenon, thrombophlebitis, and varicose veins.

Question 11

Pes planus is a condition that decreases medial longitudinal arch and pronates the hind foot, it is termed a/an:

a) Postural dysfunction
b) Overuse injury
c) Musculoskeletal injury
d) Joint dysfunction

Answer 11

Postural dysfunction

Rationale: Postural dysfunctions include; pes planus, iliotibial band contracture, patellofemoral syndrome, hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis, and scoliosis. Fascial and muscle imbalances may be functional and structural. Pes planus is used interchangeably with pronated foot and flat foot.

Question 12

Lesions in the CNS or Central Nervous System can result in:

a) A degeneration of the annular fibers of the intervertebral disc
b) A loss of motion and normal joint play movement at the joint
c) An increased degree of motion at the joint
d) Sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunctions

Answer 12

Sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunctions
Rationale: CNS= Brain and spinal cord, lesions in this system can result in sensory, motor and autonomic dysfunctions. All other answers are joint dysfunctions not part of the CNS.

Question 13

Osteoarthritis is a joint dysfunction and is defined as:

a) A group of chronic, degenerative conditions that affect the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of joints
b) An increased degree of motion at the joint
c) A loss of motion and normal joint play movement at the joint
d) A degeneration of the annular fibers of the intervertebral disc

Answer 13

A group of chronic, degenerative conditions that affect the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of joints

Rationale: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of chronic, degenerative conditions that affect the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of joints. Hypomobility is a loss of motion and normal joint play movement at the joint. Hypermobility is an increase degree of motion at the joint. Degenerative disc disease is a degeneration of the annular fibers of the intervertebral disc.

Question 14

The results of sustained muscle contraction (spasm) or fascial restriction is called:

a) Tissue Ischemia
b) Isotonic
c) Hypertension
d) Hyperopia

Answer 14

Tissue Ischemia
Rationale: Tissue ischemia or reduced local circulation is a result of a sustained muscle contraction or fascial restriction, reducing the blood flow and oxygen to the tissue resulting in pain

Question 15

Hypertension and congestive heart failure are a:

a) Condition of the CNS
b) Circulatory condition
c) Systemic concern
d) Gastrointestinal concern

Answer 15

Circulatory condition
Rationale: Hypertension and congestive heart failure are a circulatory condition along with: Raynaud’s phenomenon, thrombophlebitis, and varicose veins.

Question 16

A significant amount of carotene deposits in the stratum corneum and subcutaneous tissue causes:

a) An oxygen-rich pigment
b) An orange-yellow pigment
c) A reddish brown pigment
d) A bluish pigment

Answer 16

An orange-yellow pigment
Rationale: Carotene is an orange-yellow pigment found in abundant amounts in carrots and other orange, deep yellow, or leafy green vegetables. The skin tends to take on this pigment when large amounts of carotene-rich foods are eaten.

Question 17

Microtears of what structure is a result of shin splints?

a) Periosteum around the calcaneus
b) Periosteum around the patella
c) Periosteum around the ankle
d) Periosteum around the tibia

Answer 17

Periosteum around the tibia

Rationale: Shin splints is the lay term to describe pain along the medial border of the lower leg. Tendenitous and tibial stress fractures can sometimes be grouped with shin splints.

Question 18

Which of the following pathologies would be contraindicated for heat?

a) Fibromyalgia
b) Sub-acute Sprain
c) Edema
d) Chronic Strain

Answer 18

Edema

Rationale: Never apply heat to an inflamed area.

Question 19

Rickets (bone deformities) in children is caused by:

a) A severe or prolonged deficiency of Vitamin D
b) A severe or prolonged deficiency of Vitamin C
c) An extreme excess of Vitamin C
d) An extreme excess of Vitamin D

Answer 19

A severe or prolonged deficiency of Vitamin D
Rationale: Rickets is a disease of children in which the bones fail to calcify (soft bones). Vitamin D promotes absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus for strong bones and teeth.

Question 20

Chronic bronchitis results in the production of purulent sputum and is termed a(n):

a) Condition of the CNS
b) Respiratory pathology
c) Condition of the PNS
d) Circulatory pathology

Answer 20

Respiratory pathology
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis lasts at least for three months in a row and over two consecutive years. Respiratory pathologies include: sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Peripheral refers to the nervous system outside the central nervous system CNS= brain and spinal cord.

Question 21

Adhesive capsulitis is another name for which pathology?

a) Degenerative Disc Disease
b) Frozen shoulder
c) Pes Planus
d) TMJD

Answer 21

Frozen shoulder

Rationale: Adhesive capsulitis is also known as: frozen shoulder, calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff, scapulocostal syndrome, subacromial fibrosis, pericapsulitis, or acromioclavicular arthritis. These musculoskeletal conditions are defined as a disorder of the shoulder joint that is caused by the tightening of the joint capsule.

Question 22

What behavior might you expect with a client who reports being abused as a child?

a) Sexual inappropriateness
b) Inability to enjoy the massage
c) Inappropriate laughing
d Both A and C

Answer 22

Both A and C

Rationale: Be aware of the reactions to your touch and adjust the massage accordingly. Reactions to healthy touch vary with every individual.

Question 23

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system condition defined as:

a) A condition where demyelination of the nerves occurs
b) Progressively diminishing basal ganglia function
c) Motor function disorder resulting from damage to the immature brain
d) An injury to the vertebral column, spinal cord, or both, due to a direct or indirect trauma

Answer 23

A condition where demyelination of the nerves occurs

Rationale: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a condition where demyelination of the nerves occurs. Parkinson’s is a Progressively diminishing basal ganglia function resulting in slow, increasingly difficult movement, accompanied by resting tremors and muscular rigidity. Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor function disorder resulting from damage to the immature brain. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are an injury to the vertebral column, spinal cord, or both, due to a direct or indirect trauma. All conditions are CNS.

Question 24

The effects of massage are physiological and psychological in nature, what is a physiological effect?

a) Neurological
b) Mechanical
c) Reflexive
d) Autonomic

Answer 24

Mechanical
Rationale: The physiological effects are subdivided into mechanical effects, on adhesions and vascular and lymphatic systems.

Question 25

Fascial and muscle imbalances are known as?

a) Postural dysfunction
b) Musculoskeletal injury
c) Joint dysfunction
d) Overuse injury

Answer 25

Postural dysfunction
Rationale: Postural dysfunctions include; pes planus, iliotibial band contracture, patellofemoral syndrome, hyperlordosis, hyperkyphosis, and scoliosis. Fascial and muscle imbalances may be functional and structural.

Question 26

A functional postural dysfunctions:

a) Can be altered by working with the soft tissue and fascia
b) Is due to altered bone shapes
c) Can be caused by malformations
d) Cannot be corrected with massage

Answer 26

Can be altered by working with the soft tissue and fascia

Rationale: Structural postural dysfunctions pertains to altered bone shape due to malformation or pathological process. A Functional postural dysfunction pertains to soft tissue such as the muscles, ligaments, tendons and fascia that may be shortened or lengthened. Massage can help with functional but not the structural.

Question 27

. An inflammation of the paratendon or paratendinitis is also called?

a) Tendinosis
b) Tennis elbow
c) Golfer’s elbow
d) Tenosynovitis

Answer 27

Tenosynovitis

Rationale: Tenosynovitis (inner surface) and tenovaginitis (outer surface) are other names given to paratendinitis: inflammation of the paratendon or tendon sheath. Tennis elbow is the lateral extensor, golfer’s elbow; medial flexor tendinosis. Tendinosis is a degenerative chronic overuse injury.

Question 28

A person with diabetes mellitus may become very thirsty as a result of?

a) Low blood sugar
b) Polyuria
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Uptake inhibitors

Answer 28

Polyuria

Rationale: Frequent urination in attempt to rid the body of excess sugars makes a person very thirsty.

Question 29

An overproduction of skin cells that result in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales?

a) Impetigo
b) Contact dermatitis
c) Psoriasis
d) Athlete’s foot

Answer 29

Psoriasis

Rationale: Psoriasis is a chronic condition and is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks a person’s own tissue. Can be triggered by stress, hormonal changes, infection, and trauma.