Pathology - Liver

Question 1

what is alcoholic liver disease caused by

Answer 1

direct toxicity of alcohol to liver cells

Question 2

what is occurring with alcoholic liver disease

Answer 2

alcohol is being turned into acetaldehyde

Question 3

true or false; acetaldehyde is more toxic to the liver than alcohol

Answer 3

true

Question 4

in alcoholic liver disease inflammation of the liver occurs; long-term drinking causes what

Answer 4

persistent inflammation and leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis

Question 5

what is happening to the liver in cirrhosis

Answer 5

normal tissue is destroyed and replaced by scar tissue

Question 6

the addition of scar tissue to the liver causes what

Answer 6

a diminished ability of the organ to function properly

Question 7

if the liver is not functioning properly what processes are hindered

Answer 7

circulation of blood through the liver and reduced ability to remove toxins from the body

Question 8

what is the common cause of cirrhosis

Answer 8

alcoholism and hep C

Question 9

what are other less common causes of cirrhosis

Answer 9

blocked bile ducts, drugs, toxins, infections, some inherited diseases

Question 10

true or false; obesity is unrelated to cirrhosis

Answer 10

false, it is being suggested that obesity can be a risk factor for cirrhosis

Question 11

alcohol blocks the liver’s metabolism of _____, ______, and ______

Answer 11

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Question 12

in early stages of cirrhosis the appearance is of the liver is known as a _______

Answer 12

“fatty liver”

Question 13

true or false; in the early stage cirrhosis the damage is reversible

Answer 13

true, if the cause is removed the damage can be reversed

Question 14

what are the damaged and dead cells replaced by

Answer 14

fibrous tissue

Question 15

with he addition of fibrous tissue to the liver what occurs

Answer 15

fibrosis

Question 16

last stage cirrhosis is characterized by what

Answer 16

fibrous scars that disrupt the makeup of the liver

Question 17

how does the liver appear in last stage cirrhosis

Answer 17

a small liver

Question 18

why causes the liver to be in failure during last stage cirrhosis

Answer 18

liver is unable to detoxify ammonia

Question 19

if the liver is unable to detoxify ammonia what can it lead to

Answer 19

hepatic coma and death

Question 20

cirrhosis can cause abnormalities in the brain; what are they called

Answer 20

hepatic encephalopathy

Question 21

what are the complications of cirrhosis

Answer 21

edema, ascites, bruising, bleeding, jaundice, gallstones portal hypertension, varices, diabetes, and liver cancer

Question 22

true or false; during last stage cirrhosis damage can still be reversed

Answer 22

false; treatment can only stop or delay further progression

Question 23

is cirrhosis considered an additive or destructive disease

Answer 23

additive

Question 24

what are the causes of fatty liver

Answer 24

alcohol abuse and obesity

Question 25

where are the fatty tumors commonly located within the liver

Answer 25

the anterior and lateral aspect of the falciform ligament

Question 26

define hepatitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the liver cells

Question 27

what occurs in the liver when hepatitis is severe

Answer 27

cirrhosis

Question 28

what are the three types of hepatitis that may result in cirrhosis; describe the conditions

Answer 28

deficiency hepatitis: chronic alcoholism; deficient diet; malnutrition toxic hepatitis: drugs can result in necrosis of the liver viral hepatitis: six types

Question 29

what are the six types of viral hepatitis and their causes

Answer 29

``` hep A: fecal contamination hep B: blood hep C: blood hep D: blood hep E: fecal contamination hep F: feces contaminated food or water hep G: blood ```

Question 30

define jaundice

Answer 30

yellowish cast to the skin and clear of the eyes due to excess bilirubin in the blood

Question 31

true or false; jaundice is considered a disease

Answer 31

false; it results from another issue and not considered a disease in itself

Question 32

name the ways that bilirubin can accumulate in the blood

Answer 32

medical jaundice: non obstructive | surgical jaundice: obstructive

Question 33

what is the most common benign neoplasm of the liver

Answer 33

heamngiomas

Question 34

any tumor of the liver is called a

Answer 34

hepatoma

Question 35

a primary carcinoma of the liver presents as what | where is it most common

Answer 35

massive nodular or diffuse appearance of the parenchyma | more common in the right lobe

Question 36

true or false; hepatomas have a low mortality rate

Answer 36

false; high mortality is associated with hepatomas