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National Boards > Pathology, Irene Gold > Flashcards

Pathology, Irene Gold Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Necrosis?

A 
Coagulation
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Fat
Fibrinoid
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2
Q

Coagulative Necrosis

A

Infarctions of solid organs, cut off of blood

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3
Q

Liquefactive Necrosis

A

Dead cells are completely digested, liquid viscous mass in CNS or from infections

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4
Q

Gangrenous Necrosis

A

Types of coagulative necrosis resulting from ischemia in the lower extremity

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5
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

Cheese like appearance, typical of a TB infections (granuloma surrounds the necrosis)

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6
Q

Fat Necrosis

A

Local area of fat distruction, typical from leaked pancreatic enzymes causing saponification (Soap) in the peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

Fibrinoid Necrosis

A

Autoimmune reactions involving antigens and antibodies are deposited into vascular walls ( bright pink ring stain)

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8
Q

Developmental Changes

A

Agenesis
Hypoplasia
Aplasia

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9
Q

Agenesis Development

A

Never Formed, absence of an organ

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10
Q

Hypoplasia Development

A

Organ smaller than normal and defective

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11
Q

Aplasia Developmet

A

lack of development, small remnants of the organ present

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12
Q

Two main types of cancer

A

Carcinoma and sarcoma

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13
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer of epithelial tissue that usually spreads by way of the lymphatic system

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14
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer of connective tissue that usually spreads by BLOOD

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15
Q

Bacteremia

A

bacteria in the blood

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16
Q

Septicemia

A

pathogens or toxins in the blood

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17
Q

Anoxia

A

absence of oxygen

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18
Q

Hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen

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19
Q

Thrombus

A

platelet deposition

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20
Q

Clot

A

Fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin

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21
Q

Embolus

A

Foreign body in the blood that travels

22
Q

Diapedesis

A

Neutrophils and monocytes sqeeze through the walls of blood vessels

23
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Movement of WBCs in response to a concentration gradient of a variety of tissue damage products

24
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Accomplished by neutrophils and macrophages

25
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Deposition of particles in the lung ( inhalation of dust)

26
Q

Silicosis aka- rockquarry disease

A

Silicon related to TB (sandblasters, rock quarry)

27
Q

Asbestosis

A

Asbestos leads to malignant mesothelioma

28
Q

Siderosis

A

Iron Dust

29
Q

Byssinosis

A

cotton dust called brown lung

30
Q

Berylliosis

A

Fibers-aircraft manufacturing

31
Q

Anthracosis aka- coal miners lung

A

Black Lung disease from miners

32
Q

Syphilis:

Congenital- 5 signs

A
  1. Hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors
  2. Rhagades- Fissures or cracks at the edge of the mouth
  3. Saddle nose deformity- bridege of nase flattened
  4. Sabre Blade tibia
  5. Interstitial Keratitis- produces visual changes
    (HRSSI)
33
Q

Syphilis:

Acquired- 4 stages

A

Primary: Hard, singular painless nodule on perineum called Chancre
Secondary: Widespread rash
Latency: clinically inactive
Tertiary:Can cause dementia, blindness, paralysis, heart failure, and GUMMAS ( rubbery painful swollen lesions that can occur in bones, nerve tissure, and skin)

34
Q

Chancroid

A

Soft Chancre, painful caused by Hemophilus Ducrey

35
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Gram Neg. causes burning uriniation with pus in the urine. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

36
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, causes genital lesion and bubo in groin, Dx. Frei Test

37
Q

Granuloma Inguinale

A

Red Nudules in inquinal region

38
Q

Trichimonas

A

Most curable STD in women, purulent vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation- protozoan

39
Q

Gardenella Vaginalis

A

Foul smellingvaginal discharge, clue cells - bacterium

40
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

41
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Due to anatomically shortening esophagus

42
Q

Diverticula

A

Outpouching in the intestine. Usually lower left quardrant of the abdomen ( sigmoid and descending colon)

43
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of an organ

44
Q

Intussusception

A

telescoping of intestine onto itself

45
Q

Celiac Disease

A

intolerance to gluten. Loss of Villi, must stay on gluten free diet for life

46
Q

Crohns Disease

A

regional ileitis ( distal ileitis) Seen in young people> affects the proximal small intestine and colon. Produces skip lesions (cobble stone appearance) Autoimmune. not bloody diarrhea

47
Q

Hirschbrungs

A

Congenital megacolon. Absence of the myenteric plexus ( not constricting)

48
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, complications produce megacolon

49
Q

irritable bowel

A

spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea. Stress related

50
Q

Peutz Jeghers

A

Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract

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