Pathology, Irene Gold Flashcards
Types of Necrosis?
Coagulation Liquefactive Gangrenous Caseous Fat Fibrinoid
Coagulative Necrosis
Infarctions of solid organs, cut off of blood
Liquefactive Necrosis
Dead cells are completely digested, liquid viscous mass in CNS or from infections
Gangrenous Necrosis
Types of coagulative necrosis resulting from ischemia in the lower extremity
Caseous Necrosis
Cheese like appearance, typical of a TB infections (granuloma surrounds the necrosis)
Fat Necrosis
Local area of fat distruction, typical from leaked pancreatic enzymes causing saponification (Soap) in the peritoneal cavity
Fibrinoid Necrosis
Autoimmune reactions involving antigens and antibodies are deposited into vascular walls ( bright pink ring stain)
Developmental Changes
Agenesis
Hypoplasia
Aplasia
Agenesis Development
Never Formed, absence of an organ
Hypoplasia Development
Organ smaller than normal and defective
Aplasia Developmet
lack of development, small remnants of the organ present
Two main types of cancer
Carcinoma and sarcoma
Carcinoma
Cancer of epithelial tissue that usually spreads by way of the lymphatic system
Sarcoma
Cancer of connective tissue that usually spreads by BLOOD
Bacteremia
bacteria in the blood
Septicemia
pathogens or toxins in the blood
Anoxia
absence of oxygen
Hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen
Thrombus
platelet deposition
Clot
Fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin
Embolus
Foreign body in the blood that travels
Diapedesis
Neutrophils and monocytes sqeeze through the walls of blood vessels
Chemotaxis
Movement of WBCs in response to a concentration gradient of a variety of tissue damage products
Phagocytosis
Accomplished by neutrophils and macrophages
Pneumoconiosis
Deposition of particles in the lung ( inhalation of dust)
Silicosis aka- rockquarry disease
Silicon related to TB (sandblasters, rock quarry)
Asbestosis
Asbestos leads to malignant mesothelioma
Siderosis
Iron Dust
Byssinosis
cotton dust called brown lung
Berylliosis
Fibers-aircraft manufacturing
Anthracosis aka- coal miners lung
Black Lung disease from miners
Syphilis:
Congenital- 5 signs
- Hutchinsons teeth- notched permanent upper incisors
- Rhagades- Fissures or cracks at the edge of the mouth
- Saddle nose deformity- bridege of nase flattened
- Sabre Blade tibia
- Interstitial Keratitis- produces visual changes
(HRSSI)
Syphilis:
Acquired- 4 stages
Primary: Hard, singular painless nodule on perineum called Chancre
Secondary: Widespread rash
Latency: clinically inactive
Tertiary:Can cause dementia, blindness, paralysis, heart failure, and GUMMAS ( rubbery painful swollen lesions that can occur in bones, nerve tissure, and skin)
Chancroid
Soft Chancre, painful caused by Hemophilus Ducrey
Gonorrhea
Gram Neg. causes burning uriniation with pus in the urine. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis, causes genital lesion and bubo in groin, Dx. Frei Test
Granuloma Inguinale
Red Nudules in inquinal region
Trichimonas
Most curable STD in women, purulent vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation- protozoan
Gardenella Vaginalis
Foul smellingvaginal discharge, clue cells - bacterium
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Sliding hiatal hernia
Due to anatomically shortening esophagus
Diverticula
Outpouching in the intestine. Usually lower left quardrant of the abdomen ( sigmoid and descending colon)
Volvulus
Twisting of an organ
Intussusception
telescoping of intestine onto itself
Celiac Disease
intolerance to gluten. Loss of Villi, must stay on gluten free diet for life
Crohns Disease
regional ileitis ( distal ileitis) Seen in young people> affects the proximal small intestine and colon. Produces skip lesions (cobble stone appearance) Autoimmune. not bloody diarrhea
Hirschbrungs
Congenital megacolon. Absence of the myenteric plexus ( not constricting)
Ulcerative colitis
pathological intestinal changes, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, complications produce megacolon
irritable bowel
spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea. Stress related
Peutz Jeghers
Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract
