pathology intro and cells Flashcards
general pathology
study of basic causes, mechanisms and characteristics of the disease
systematic pathology
application of the basics disease processes to organs and organ systems
pathogens
any disease producing microorganisms
viruses,bacteria, fungus ect…
endogenous pathogen
originates within the body
endo means within
exogenous pathigens
originates outside the body - food, water, soil
idiopathic - unknown
iatrogenic - disease caused by treatment
nosocomial infections - by being hospitalized
indications for massage thearpy
touching of any kind is important from birth throughout life
contrindictions
dont preform massage
massage therapy is contraindicated
WRONG !!!
refers to swedish - theres always other modalities
list the 9 nomenclatures of pathology
pathology - study of disease
disease - structural or functional abnormal change
in the body
Epidemiology -how common and who gets it
etiology - study of the cause of disease
pathogenesis - the stages of sickness
pathology or structural alterations - physical changes accompanying or induced by the disease
in the cells and organs
clinical manifesrations - presentation of the disease
O = signs - physical observations - objective data
S= symptoms - perception of client: subjective data
diagnosis - naming the disease
complications - getting a diseasde from having another disease
sequela - lesion following or caused by a disease
name the 4 functional significance
impact of the disease. how it will affect life
prognosis - probable outcome
treatment - management and care
acute - rapid onset, short duration cold, flu
chronic - persisting over a long period of time
CELLS
life and death exist at the cellular level
cellular injury
anything that putts stress on a cell leads to injury
list the 7 causes of sell injury
lack of oxygen
physical agents - cut, stepping on a nail ect..
infectious agents - virus, bacteria, fungis
immunologic reactions - allergies, autoimmune
genetic derangements - damaged dns, cancer
nutritional imbalances
aging
hypoxia
lack of oxygen
ischemia
causes hypoxia
lack of blood flow/ blood clot
free radical injury
atom that has an unpaired electron
BAD dont want this to happen
3 causes of free radical production
normal metabolism
radiant energy - sun x ray
metabolism of exogenous chemicals
how free radicals injure cells
lipis breakdowns - fat
DNA - dont want to damage can lead to cancer
proteins
Hyperplasia
Increased in cell #
hormonal stimulation
increased functional demand
persistent cell injury
hypertrophy
Cell enlarges - increases the cell size
physiologic - hormonal
increased functional demand
heart, nerves skeletal
atrophy
Reduction in cell size
reduced functional demand
inadequate supply of o2
insufficient nutrients
interruption of trophic signals
persistent cell injury
aging
metaplasia
one adult cell type replaces another adult cell type
dysplasia
change in cell size, shape
a cell that in unrecognizable
Cell death
Reversible injury - point of no return
Irreversible injury
necrosis - damage to the cell
apoptosis - cell death or deletion
Cellular adaptation
How a cell adapts to injury
