Pathology Intro

Question 0

Pathology/Diagnostics/Therapeutics

Answer 0

Ability in pathology is related to ability in diagnostics
Diagnostics are the basis of therapeutics
Therefore underlies all medicine

Question 1

Pathology General Principles

Answer 1

Pathology= Morphologic Science

Not all diseases or processes lead to morphologic changes (pathology can miss these)

Question 2

Morphology Basics

Answer 2

Morphology points to underlying pathogenesis and is therefore a very powerful and useful tool for understanding disease processes and the following therapeutic approaches that are likely to succeed

Question 3

Basic Mechanisms of Disease

Answer 3

Each has consequences for the types of lesions (so interpreting lesions backwards point to these general mechanisms):

1. Genetic
2. Metabolic
3. Toxic
4. Traumatic
5. Infectious (Viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, parasitic)

Question 4

Diagnosis Definition

Answer 4

Broad term

Several different diagnoses are usually available for any individual patient

Question 5

Morphologic Diagnosis

Answer 5

Strictly based on pathology and morphologic lesions

“Visible Changes”

Question 6

“-opathy”

Answer 6

Means just about anything is wrong

Question 7

“-itis”

Answer 7

More specific, inflammatory

Question 8

Basic Pathologic Processes

Answer 8

1. Structural malformation
2. Hemorrhage
3. Congestion
4. Aplasia
5. Hypoplasia
6. Atrophy
7. Necrosis
8. Inflammation
9. Hypertrophy
10. Hyperplasia
11. Neoplasia

Question 9

Aplasia

Answer 9

Never Developed

Question 10

Hypoplasia

Answer 10

Never developed fully/ Developed incompletely

Question 11

Atrophy

Answer 11

Developed and then regressed

Question 12

Necrosis

Answer 12

Death of cells/tissues in a living body

Question 13

Inflammation

Answer 13

Body’s response to agents or other damage

Question 14

Hypertrophy

Answer 14

Increase in cell size (ex. body builders)

Question 15

Hyperplasia

Answer 15

Increase in cell number +/- cell size

Occurs in response to a stimulus (known or unknown)

Question 16

Neoplasia

Answer 16

“New Growth” of cells uninhibited by feedback

Question 17

Pathogenesis

Answer 17

Refers to the events leading to disease to help understand the progression of the disease process

Question 18

Pathogenic

Answer 18

Adjective indicating an ability to cause disease

Ex. “Pathogenic Bacteria”

Question 19

3 Types of Diagnoses

Answer 19

1. Morphologic
2. Etiologic
3. Clinical

Question 20

Etiologic Diagnosis

Answer 20

Takes into account the agent causing the disease

Question 21

Clinical Diagnosis

Answer 21

Encompasses a mixture of the other 2
Ex. “Pneumonic Pasteurellosis” of cattle implies:
Morphologic diagnosis of pneumonia and etilogic diagnosis of the bacteria pasteurella

Question 22

Descriptive Pathology

Answer 22

An aid to communication between clinicians and pathologists
Accurate descriptions help allow clinicians to give pathologists the information they need in order to arrive at a diagnosis that aids in the management of clinical disease

Question 23

Descriptions Rules

Answer 23

Descriptions should be as free of interpretation as possible

Question 24

Strategy for Description

Answer 24

List:

1. Organ
2. Distribution- diffusion (everywhere), focal (focused), multifocal, multifocal to coalescing (gets bigger and fuses together), locally extensive, scattered
3. Other Details: Number, site (specifically within the organ), size (up to Xcm if multiple), shape, color, clarity/transluscency (clear/cloudy), texture (hard, firm, soft, friable-falls apart), odor