Pathology / Internal Medicine

Question 1

What is a hygroma?

A - Inflammation of an acquired bursa over the dorsal carpus
B - Synovial membrane inflammation, dorsoproximal forelimb fetlock
C - Excessive granulation tissue around a healing wound
D - Saliva-filled cavity resulting from salivary duct trauma
E - A cyst located in the dorsolateral aspect of the nasal diverticulum

Answer 1

A - Inflammation of an acquired bursa over the dorsal carpus

Question 2

Which choice describes inflammation of an acquired bursa over the dorsal carpus?

A - Villonodular synovitis
B – Atheroma
C - Ulceroproliferative faucitis 
D - Suspensory desmitis
E – Hygroma

Answer 2

E – Hygroma

Question 3

Which description correctly matches stringhalt?
A - Involuntary hyperflexion of the hock towards the abdomen
B - Thickening of the plantar tarsal ligament
C - Avulsion of the extensor process of the third phalanx
D - Effusion in the tarsal sheath of the deep digital flexor tendon
E - Progressive unilateral or bilateral hyperextension of the hindlimb

Answer 3

A - Involuntary hyperflexion of the hock towards the abdomen

Question 4

Which description correctly matches gonitis?
A - Progressive unilateral or bilateral wide-angle glaucoma
B - Avulsion of the extensor process of the third phalanx
C - Infection of the crop and sinuses with Trichomonas gallinae
D - Inflammation of the stifle leading to degenerative joint disease
E - Inflammation of the mesorchium, parietal tunic and testicle

Answer 4

D - Inflammation of the stifle leading to degenerative joint disease

Question 5

Last Fall several malformed calves were born on this ranch.
This Spring, the owner could not deliver feed to the back pasture for 3 days. Now, 14 days later, heifers on this pasture are losing weight, off feed and lethargic. Physical exam is unremarkable except for large linear cracks extending to the dermis on muzzles of affected cows.

Blood chemistry and urinalysis results from a sick cow are below:
Na=122 mEq/l [N=135-148]
K=2.2 mEq/l [N=4.3-7.8]
Ca=6 mg/dl [N=8.4-11.0]
ALT=70 u/l..[N=6.9-35]
CK=150 u/l..[N=14-107]
SDH=82 u/l..[N=6.1-18]
Bilirubin (total)=0.6 mg/dl..[N=0.0-0.8]
BUN=140 mg/dl..[N=6-22]
Creatinine=4.0 mg/dl.[N=0.6-1.8]
Glob=4.4 g/dl..[N=2.9-4.9]
Alb=2.2 g/dl..[N=2.8-3.9]
USp.G= 1.010..[N=1.030-1.045] protein +++, blood +++, numerous granular and hyaline casts 

What should be done next?
A - Do serum titers for cytopathic bovine virus diarrhea virus
B - Analyze the ration mix for lysine deficiency
C - Check the pasture for oak trees and acorns
D - Check the pasture for pigweed or lamb’s quarter
E - Analyze the ration mix for selenium/vitamin E content

Answer 5

C - Check the pasture for oak trees and acorns

Question 6

Which of the following would be the best method for controlling anaplasmosis in adult cattle in the United States?
A - Vaccination with a modified live vaccine
B - Long-acting oxytetracycline for entire herd
C - Spray pastures with carbaryl insecticide
D - Serotest and cull affected cows
E - Imidocarb metaphylaxis

Answer 6

B - Long-acting oxytetracycline for entire herd

Question 7

Which choice is permitted for use in food animals?
A - Diethylstilbesterol
B - Dexamethasone
C - Furazolidone
D - Chloramphenicol
E - Estradiol cypionate

Answer 7

B - Dexamethasone

Question 8

A 9 year old German shepherd is presented with unchecked bleeding from a cut on the gums above the right canine tooth. The owner relates that the dog has lost weight and had an episode of collapse 3 days ago, but he recovered.

On physical exam, the gums are pale with petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages. There is tachycardia and a palpable cranial abdominal mass.

A coagulation profile shows the following:

Thrombocytes= 82,533 per microliter..[N=200,000-900,000]
Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), increased
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), increased
Prothrombin time (PT), increased
Thrombin time (TT), increased
Fibrin degradation products (FDPs), increased

What disorder of coagulation best fits this pattern?

A - Von Willebrand's disease
B - Idiopathic thrombocytopenia
C - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
D - Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
E - Hepatic insufficiency

Answer 8

C - Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Remember your “H diseases” associated with DIC:
Heartworm
Heart failure
Hemolytic anemia
Hemangiosarcoma
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Hepatic disease, especially hepatic lipidosis in cats.
Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), mammary gland carcinoma and pancreatitis can also lead to DIC.