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Pathology II Final > Pathology II Final > Flashcards

Pathology II Final Flashcards

1
Q

Pedunculated, tumor-like mass that causes intermittent epistaxis in older equines?

A

Ethmoidal Hematoma

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2
Q

Top 4 ddx for epistaxis in equines?

A
  1. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage
  2. Ethmoidal hematoma
  3. Guttural pouch mycoses
  4. Trauma
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3
Q

Etiology of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)?

A

Bovine Herpes Virus-1

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4
Q

Pathologic lesions seen with IBR?

A 
FORMATION OF DIPHTHERITIC MEMBRANE!!
Necrotic/hemorrhagic fibrous rhinitis  
\+/- hyperemia, hemorrhage of nasal cavity m.m. 
\+/- exudate of nasal cavity 
SOMETIMES interstitial pneumonia
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5
Q

Top 2 ddx for a kitten with conjunctivitis and rhinitis?

A
  1. Feline Herpes Virus-1 ==> Feline viral rhinotracheitis
  2. Feline Calici Virus
    REMEMBER to look for oral lesions to help differentiate
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6
Q

Most respiratory viruses result in formation of what lung pathology?

A

Interstitial pneumonia; inflammation of the interstitium of the lungs

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7
Q

Pathology that is characteristic for chronic S. equi infections?

A

Bastard strangles ==> Chondroids

Or inspissated exudate: Dried up, rounded, hardened

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8
Q

Chronic cases of strangles can lead to more severe clinical signs such as? Why?

A

Peripheral neuropathies; close association of medial guttural pouch with cranial nerves

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9
Q

Term for guttural pouch inflammation?

A

Eustachitis!

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10
Q

Top 3 ddx for guttural pouch problems in equines?

A
  1. Guttural tympany (foals)
  2. Strangles (S. equi infection)
  3. Guttural pouch mycoses
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11
Q

Most severe complication of guttural pouch mycosis? Why?

A

Death due to fatal epistaxis; close association of medial guttural pouch with internal carotid artery

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12
Q

Why do you see epistaxis with guttural pouch mycosis and not guttural tympany or strangles?

A

Fungal organisms LOVE blood vessels!

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13
Q

Diagnostic lesion for Campylobacter spp. induced sheep abortions?

A

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis

white target lesions seen diffusely

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14
Q

Two main causes of sheep abortion?

A

Toxoplasma and Chlamydia

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15
Q

You have an aborted calf with cerebellar hypoplasia. What etiology do you immediately suspect?

A

BVD!

Bovine Viral Disease Virus

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16
Q

When analyzing the placenta of an aborted fetus of a sheep, it is important to look in between the cotyledons for inflammation. Why?

A

Toxoplasma ==> INFLAMED cotyledons

Chlamydia ==> inflammation BETWEEN cotyledons

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17
Q

Characteristic lesion of a toxoplasma aborted fetal placenta?

A

Hemorrhagic cotyledons with foci of necrosis

“Strawberry-like”

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18
Q

What is the etiologic agent of Ovine Enzootic Abortion?

A

Chlamydia

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19
Q

What is the difference between early and late Chlamydophila abortus infection in terms of abortion?

A

Early infection = abortion that season

Late infection = abortion during NEXT season

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20
Q

Top 4 places to look when trying to determine etiologic agents of an abortion?

A

Brain, liver, cotyledons and between them

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21
Q

What unique pathology is seen on a late-term aborted fetus infected with Ureaplasma diversum?

A

Amnionitis!

Inflammation of the amnion

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22
Q

What is the big deal about Brucella spp infection in cattle?

A

ZOONOTIC!! Present in MANY fluids!

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23
Q

When you wish to take a sample for culture to determine cause of an abortion, where do you get the sample from?

A

Stomach contents of aborted fetus

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24
Q

What is the classic histologic lesion seen in aborted fetuses with Chlamydophila abortus and what is its sequel?

A

Vasculitis of placental blood vessels ==> EDEMA

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25
Q

Which organ do you sample in an aborted fetus when looking for either Neospora or Toxoplasma?

A

Brain

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26
Q

Top infectious cause of abortions in goats?

A

Coxiella burnetti

(Q fever)

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27
Q

Common causes of non-infectious abortions in goats?

A

Trauma, stress

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28
Q

In equines, how many causes of abortions can be determined by direct examination of the placenta and/or umbilical cord?

A

HALF!
For this reason, it is very important
to lay out the ENTIRE placenta!

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29
Q

Top infectious agent to rule out in an equine abortion case?

A

EHV-1

Equine Herpes Virus

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30
Q

What is the significance of shorter/longer than normal umbilical cord in an equine?

A

Longer: increased risk of foal strangulation
Shorter: increased risk of premature separation

31
Q

White foci spread diffusely throughout the liver of an aborted equine fetus = ?
What would be another characteristic gross finding?

A

EHV-1; fibrin cast in the trachea

32
Q

Typical findings in a litter for a porcine parvovirus infected pig?

A

SMEDI:

Still birth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility complex

33
Q

What broad category of etiologic agents are a common source for abortions in swine?

A

Viruses

34
Q

Easy way to get a sample for leptospirosis testing?

A

Liver impression smear on a slide to send off to the lab

35
Q

What is the one, non-specific cause of abortions that can spread throughout a herd?

A

Pyrexia

fever

36
Q

Term for inflammation of the testes?

A

Orchitis

37
Q

Which cells do testicular interstitial cell tumors arise from? What do they normally produce?

A

Leydig cells; testosterone

38
Q

Which cells do seminomas arise from?

A

Sperm cell pre-cursors

39
Q

Which two testicular neoplasias arise from tubules of the testicles?

A

Seminomas, Sertoli Cell Tumors

40
Q

True/False: The majority of testicular neoplasias are metastatic.

A

False;

41
Q

What is the most common neoplasia of canine testes?

A

Interstitial Cell Tumors of leydig cells

42
Q

Second most common neoplasia of canine testes?

A

Seminoma; cryptorchidism!

43
Q

Main differences between interstitial cell tumors and seminomas of the canine testes?

A

Interstitial cell tumors: Seminoma:
Small, multiple Singular, large
Bilateral at times Mostly unilateral

44
Q

Cryptorchidism is a pre-disposing factor of which two tumors?

A

Seminoma and Sertoli Cell Tumors!

45
Q

Unique clinical finding of an animal with a sertoli cell tumor? Why?

A

Bilateral alopecia; tumor has endocrine effects

46
Q

Which testicular neoplasia will “give you man boobs” and why?

A

SERTOLI CELL!!! :)

Constant production of estrogen

47
Q

What is a spermatocoele and what causes them?

A

A dilation with sperm accumulation

Occurs with occlusion of the epididymis

48
Q

Term for dramatic proliferation of connective tissue at the end of the spermatic cord following castration = ?

A

Scirrhous cord

49
Q

Term for dilation of the spermatic vein?

A

Varicoele

50
Q

Which two types of neoplasia have a predilection for the scrotal sac?

A

Mast Cell Tumors; Hemangioma

51
Q

What is the key clinical sign of an animal with acute prostatitis?

A

Increased urge to defecate

Will be extremely painful on palpation

52
Q

Most common prostatic abnormality seen in intact male dogs?

A

Prostatic hyperplasia

Same architecture, enlarged and non-painful

53
Q

Term for inflammation of the prepuce?

A

Posthitis

54
Q

Term for inflammation of the glans penis?

A

Balanitis

55
Q

Term for inflammation of the penis and prepuce?

A

Balanoposthitis

56
Q

Term for narrowing of the prepucial orifice preventing protrusion of the penis?

A

Phimosis

57
Q

Term for narrowing of the prepucial opening preventing retraction of the penis?

A

Paraphimosis

58
Q

Term for pathology in the bull where remaining connective prevents proper movement of the penis?

A

Persistent frenulum

59
Q

Top 3 viral causes of bovine interstitial pneumonia?

A
  1. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis - (BHV-1)
  2. Para-influenza -3 virus (PI-3)
  3. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus (BRSV)
60
Q

Special diagnostic characteristic seen with para-influenza-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus pneumonias?

A

Formation of syncytial cells

61
Q

On gross examination of lungs, what is the give away for Pneumonic mannheimiosis?

A

Marbling appearance of pulmonary parenchyma
(Shipping Fever)
Will also see FIBRIN deposits on most cranial portions!

62
Q

Two causes of bovine pneumonia that cause clinically indistinguishable patholoy of the lungs externally?

A

Mannheimia hemolytica
Histophilus somni
(fibrinous bronchopneumonia of cranioventral lungs)

63
Q

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in cattle?

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus

64
Q

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in sheep/goats?

A

Dictyocaulus filaria

65
Q

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in horses?

A

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

66
Q

Species of lung worm that causes infection (verminous bronchitis/pneumonia) in swine?

A

Metastrongylus spp

67
Q

_________ infections are common to see in pigs with PRRS and PMWS.

A

Pneumocystis carinii

Fungal organism: GMS stain

68
Q

Common cause of porcine enzootic pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

69
Q

Pancreatic hypoplasia common to see in which two animals?

A

Dogs (Pancreatic atrophy)

Calves

70
Q

Which breed of dog particularly prone to pancreatic atrophy?

A

German Shepherds

71
Q

Three main causes of congenital renal dysplasia?

A

Feline panleukopenia
Canine herpes virus
Bovine virus diarrhea

72
Q

Acute necrosis of the renal tubular cells is termed what?

A

Nephrosis

73
Q

Top 4 ddx for diffusely pale kidneys?

A

Amyloidosis
Acute nephrosis
Glomerulonephritis
LSA

74
Q

Common incidental finding associated with residual e.coli lesions in the kidneys of young cattle is called what?

A

Multifocal interstitial nephritis

White spotted kidney

Pathology II Final (1 decks)

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