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Pathology > Pathology Exam 1 Review > Flashcards

Pathology Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Events that lead to cellular change

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3
Q

Manifestation

A

observable changes

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4
Q

Epidemiology

A

investigation of disease in large groups

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5
Q

Prevalence

A

number of cases of a disease in a population

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6
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases of a disease in a period of time

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7
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

Sickness that interferes with daily routine

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8
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Number of deaths from disease

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9
Q

Symptom

A

Only patient can identify. Ex: headache

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10
Q

Sign

A

Dr. can identify. Ex: fever or rash

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11
Q

Syndrome

A

Symptoms and signs from abnormal disturbance

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12
Q

Asymptomatic

A

No symptoms

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13
Q

Etiology

A

study of causes of disease

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14
Q

Iatrogenic

A

response from medical treatment. Ex: pneumothorax from line placement

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15
Q

Idiopathic

A

no cause

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16
Q

Types of onsets:

A

acute, chronic, sequelae

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17
Q

Acute

A

quick, short time period

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18
Q

Chronic

A

slow, last longer

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19
Q

Sequelae

A

condition caused by previous disease. Ex: stroke, left side of body immoveable

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20
Q

Disease classifications

A

congenital, hereditary, inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic, metabolic, and neoplastic

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21
Q

Congenital

A

At birth. Ex: down syndrome

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22
Q

Hereditary

A

From parents through genes. Ex: hemophilia

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23
Q

Inflammatory disease

A

bodies reaction to localized injurious agent. Infective, toxic, allergic

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24
Q

Degenerative Disease

A

deterioration of body

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25
Q

Metabolic Disease

A

Body produces either too much or too little metabolism

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26
Q

Traumatic Disease

A

trauma

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27
Q

Neoplastic Disease

A

abnormal tissue growth. Benign and Malignant

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28
Q

Benign

A

round, smooth, calcifications

29
Q

Malignant

A

ill-defined borders

30
Q

Healing process

A

Hemostasis phase, defensive phase, proliferative phase, maturation phase

31
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in cell size

32
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

33
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells

34
Q

Dysplaisa

A

Abnormal change in cells

35
Q

Additive conditions

A

abnormal change that leads to increase in technique. ex: tumors

36
Q

Destructive conditions

A

leads to decrease in technique. ex: atrophy

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

diffuclty breathing

38
Q

How to help with dyspnea

A

Rest, high fowlers position, oxygen

39
Q

Cough

A

irritated mucus membrane

40
Q

Clubbing of fingers

A

abnormal, round shape of nail bed

41
Q

Hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

42
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish coloring of lips and skin

43
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low blood oxygen

44
Q

Hypercapnia

A

High carbon dioxide in blood

45
Q

Epiglottitis

A

“thumb print sign”

46
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure. Through nose

47
Q

BI-PAP

A

Bilevel positive airway pressure. Through nose/mouth

48
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical opening to trachea for air

49
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing while lying flat

50
Q

Consolidation

A

solid appearance, tissue or fluid

51
Q

Infiltration

A

patchy appearance

52
Q

Alveolar or air-space disease

A

leads to consolidation, type of fluid or tumor, patchy

53
Q

Interstitial disease

A

thickening of tissue, honeycomb appearance

54
Q

Air-bronchogram

A

Bronchi has air but surrounding lung does not

55
Q

Another name for Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease, affects babies

56
Q

Types of Pneumonias

A

Aspiration pneumonia - inhale something and down wrong pipe
Pneumococcal pneumonia - bacteria
Viral pneumonia - caused by flu
Staphylococcal pneumonia - spiritic

57
Q

Radiographic patterns of emphysema

A

inverted diaphragm, blunted costophrenic angles, barrel chest

58
Q

Emphysema bullous disease

A

large air spaces with thin walls, can rupture

59
Q

Meniscus sign

A

blunted appearance, no sharp edges

60
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Remove fluid around lung

61
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Free air that shifts mediastinum

62
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of lung that results in collapse

63
Q

Endotracheal Tube (ET)

A

Breathing and suctioning. 5cm above carina

64
Q

Chest tube placement - pneumothorax

A

3-4 intercostal place, tip anteriorly and superiorly

65
Q

Chest tube placement - hydrothorax

A

5-6 intercostal place, tip posteriorly and inferiorly

66
Q

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

A

Inserted into basilic or median cubital vein to SVC

67
Q

Pulmonary Arterial Line

A

Swan-Ganz - measure atrial pressure

68
Q

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

A

Increases myocardial oxygen and cardia output. Reduces workload of heart

69
Q

Nasogastric Tube (NG)

A

Suction of gastric contents.

Pathology (1 decks)

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