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Pathology Exam 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Events that lead to cellular change

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3
Q

Manifestation

A

observable changes

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4
Q

Epidemiology

A

investigation of disease in large groups

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5
Q

Prevalence

A

number of cases of a disease in a population

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6
Q

Incidence

A

Number of new cases of a disease in a period of time

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7
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

Sickness that interferes with daily routine

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8
Q

Mortality Rate

A

Number of deaths from disease

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9
Q

Symptom

A

Only patient can identify. Ex: headache

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10
Q

Sign

A

Dr. can identify. Ex: fever or rash

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11
Q

Syndrome

A

Symptoms and signs from abnormal disturbance

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12
Q

Asymptomatic

A

No symptoms

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13
Q

Etiology

A

study of causes of disease

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14
Q

Iatrogenic

A

response from medical treatment. Ex: pneumothorax from line placement

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15
Q

Idiopathic

A

no cause

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16
Q

Types of onsets:

A

acute, chronic, sequelae

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17
Q

Acute

A

quick, short time period

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18
Q

Chronic

A

slow, last longer

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19
Q

Sequelae

A

condition caused by previous disease. Ex: stroke, left side of body immoveable

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20
Q

Disease classifications

A

congenital, hereditary, inflammatory, degenerative, traumatic, metabolic, and neoplastic

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21
Q

Congenital

A

At birth. Ex: down syndrome

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22
Q

Hereditary

A

From parents through genes. Ex: hemophilia

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23
Q

Inflammatory disease

A

bodies reaction to localized injurious agent. Infective, toxic, allergic

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24
Q

Degenerative Disease

A

deterioration of body

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25
Metabolic Disease
Body produces either too much or too little metabolism
26
Traumatic Disease
trauma
27
Neoplastic Disease
abnormal tissue growth. Benign and Malignant
28
Benign
round, smooth, calcifications
29
Malignant
ill-defined borders
30
Healing process
Hemostasis phase, defensive phase, proliferative phase, maturation phase
31
Atrophy
decrease in cell size
32
Hypertrophy
increase in cell size
33
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
34
Dysplaisa
Abnormal change in cells
35
Additive conditions
abnormal change that leads to increase in technique. ex: tumors
36
Destructive conditions
leads to decrease in technique. ex: atrophy
37
Dyspnea
diffuclty breathing
38
How to help with dyspnea
Rest, high fowlers position, oxygen
39
Cough
irritated mucus membrane
40
Clubbing of fingers
abnormal, round shape of nail bed
41
Hemoptysis
coughing up blood
42
Cyanosis
bluish coloring of lips and skin
43
Hypoxemia
low blood oxygen
44
Hypercapnia
High carbon dioxide in blood
45
Epiglottitis
"thumb print sign"
46
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure. Through nose
47
BI-PAP
Bilevel positive airway pressure. Through nose/mouth
48
Tracheostomy
Surgical opening to trachea for air
49
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing while lying flat
50
Consolidation
solid appearance, tissue or fluid
51
Infiltration
patchy appearance
52
Alveolar or air-space disease
leads to consolidation, type of fluid or tumor, patchy
53
Interstitial disease
thickening of tissue, honeycomb appearance
54
Air-bronchogram
Bronchi has air but surrounding lung does not
55
Another name for Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hyaline Membrane Disease, affects babies
56
Types of Pneumonias
Aspiration pneumonia - inhale something and down wrong pipe Pneumococcal pneumonia - bacteria Viral pneumonia - caused by flu Staphylococcal pneumonia - spiritic
57
Radiographic patterns of emphysema
inverted diaphragm, blunted costophrenic angles, barrel chest
58
Emphysema bullous disease
large air spaces with thin walls, can rupture
59
Meniscus sign
blunted appearance, no sharp edges
60
Thoracentesis
Remove fluid around lung
61
Tension pneumothorax
Free air that shifts mediastinum
62
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of lung that results in collapse
63
Endotracheal Tube (ET)
Breathing and suctioning. 5cm above carina
64
Chest tube placement - pneumothorax
3-4 intercostal place, tip anteriorly and superiorly
65
Chest tube placement - hydrothorax
5-6 intercostal place, tip posteriorly and inferiorly
66
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
Inserted into basilic or median cubital vein to SVC
67
Pulmonary Arterial Line
Swan-Ganz - measure atrial pressure
68
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Increases myocardial oxygen and cardia output. Reduces workload of heart
69
Nasogastric Tube (NG)
Suction of gastric contents.

Pathology (1 decks)

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