Pathology, Evaluation and Management Flashcards
cause of presbyopia
lens hardening
relative lens cytoplasmic concentration of glutathione, potassium, sodium, and calcium as we age?
glutathione and potassium decrease
sodium and calcium increase
what is “second sight?”
ability of hyperopic patient to read without spectacles after a myopic shift caused by a cataract
nuclear cataracts affect distance or near vision more?
distance
brunescent cataract?
advanced nuclear cataract that is very brown and opaque
first signs of cortical cataract
vacuoles and water clefts in posterior cortex
opacification of the entire cortex from the capsule to nucleus? swelling of this cataract?
mature cortical cataract; intumescence
wrinkled and shrunken capsule in cortical cataract? free moving nucleus in liquefied cortex?
hypermature; morgagnian
which major class of adult cataract is generally seen in younger patients?
PSC
PSC presenting symptoms?
glare and decrease vision in bright light (miotic conditions)
pathophys and histology of PSC?
posterior migration of enlarged lens epithelial cells, which histologically are called Wedl, or bladder, cells
lens changes with the following drugs:
- steroids
- phenothiazines
- anticholinesterases
- amiodarone
- statins
- tamoxifen
- PSC
- ASC
- ASC
- stellate pigment deposition in anterior cortical axis
- DECREASED rate of nuclear cataract
- no effect
name of annular pigment deposition on anterior lens capsule following blunt trauma?
Vossius ring
common appearance of traumatic cataract from blunt force?
stellate opacity in axial location
early anterior segment findings of siderosis bulbi?
heterochromia and yellowish anterior lens capsule discoloration
first sign of cataract from electrical injury
vacuoles in anterior midperiphery
location of deposition in chalcosis?
(copper) Descemet’s (Kayser-Fleischer ring) and anterior lens capsule, leading to a “sunflower cataract,” which usually is not visually significant
snowflake cataract
acute, bilateral, widespread subcapsular lens opacification, usually in a young patient with uncontrolled diabetes
oil droplet cataract: cause and inheritance
galactosemia; AR
differential for christmas tree cataract? Inheritance and findings in the inherited cause?
Hypoparathyroidism and Myotonic dystrophy (AD; low IOP from presumed ciliary body detachments, ptosis, delayed relaxation of controlled muscles, cardiac conduction delays, frontal balding)
food that can decrease cataract formation?
eating cooked spinach twice a week
cause of smoking and excessive alcohol intake on the lens? any affect from smokeless tobacco products?
nuclear cataracts. yes (also nuclear cataracts)
affect of vitamins C and E and beta carotene on cataract formation in AREDS?
no effect
type of cataract in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis? how common?
cortical; 70%