Pathology-Duval 4/2/14 Flashcards
what is the adenohypophysis derived from
the oral cavity
what are the three types of cells the adenohypophysis made up of
basophili, eosinophilic, chromophobic
what is the neurohypophysis made up of
pituicytes (glial cells)
axonal processes from hypothalamus
what is the most common cause of hyperpitutiatarism
functional neoplasm
what are other causes of hyperpituitarism?
hyperplasia, carcinoma, nonpituitary tumor
what are some clinical side effects of functional adenoma
bitemporal hemianopsia, erode bone, hermorrhage, increased intracranial pressure, hypopiutarism
what is the most common of the functional adenomas
prolactinomas
what is the second most common cause of functional adenoma
somatotroph adenoma
who will you see prolactinomas in
earlier in premonopausal females
macroadenomas in males,
amenorrhea, galactorrhea, libido, infertility
what are the presentations of somatotroph
macroadenomas, gigantism or acromegaly
what are the causes of hypopituitarism
ischemic necrosis, radiation ablation, inflammation, nonfunctional adenoma, trauma, meastases, empty sella syndrome
what is the cause of empty sella syndrome
chronic herniation of subarachnoid space through defect in diaphragma
what is the etiology of SIADH
small cell lung cancer, other lung diseases, local injury
what are features of SIADH
hyponatremia, cerebal edema
what is the thyroid gland made from
follicular epitherlim and C-cells
what is the cause of thyrotoxicosis
hypermetabolic state due to elevated free thyroid hormones
what is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism
graves disease
what is the clinical triad of graves disease
throtoxicosis, exopthalmos, pretibial myxedema (swelling/ waxy skin
what is nonspecific lymphocytic thyroiditis
incidential finding in middle aged females
HLA DR5
features transient thyrotoxicosis due to incereased hormone release
increased free hormones, decreased TSH, decreased uptake
what is the morphology of hasimotos thyroiditis
diffuse symmetric enlargment mononuclear cell infiltrate hurthle cells variable fibrosis reduced free hormone increase TSH
What is the features of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
acute onset and self limited
pain, fever, malaise
elevated EBC, ESR
found in young to middle aged females with antecedent viral infection
what is the most common subtype of carcinoma
papillary
associated with ionizing radiation
orphan annie eyes are characteristic
follicular carcinoma
second most common thyroid cancer
NOT an adenoma
cold nodule
what is the morphology of medullary carcinoma
middle aged to elderly degenerative changes spindle of polygonal cells amyloid deposits cacitonin positive C cell hyperplasia
