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Irene Gold Board Review > Pathology- Diseases of Organ Systems (34%) > Flashcards

Pathology- Diseases of Organ Systems (34%) Flashcards

1
Q

Dust from sand, rock or glass. Sandbalsters at risk

A

Silicosis

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2
Q

Rocky Quarry Disease

A

Silicosis

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3
Q

Risk for mesothelioma (malignant tumor) in lower lung lobes

A

Asbestosis

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4
Q

Iron Dust

A

Siderosis

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5
Q

Cotton Dust. “Brown Lung”

A

Byssinosis

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6
Q

Black lung disease from miners.

A

Antracosis

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7
Q

Caplan’s syndrome=

A

Antracosis + RA

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8
Q

Endemic Fungus around Mississippi or Ohio valleys

A

Histomycosis or Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

Endemic fungus in deserts of the southwest

A

coccidiomycosis

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10
Q

San Joaquin Valley Fever

A

Coccidiomycosis

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11
Q

Curschmann’s Spirals or Charcot Leyden Crystals

A

Asthma

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12
Q

Sputum analysis yeilds eosinophils

A

Asthma

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13
Q

Iron in lungs due to bleeding

A

Hemosiderosis

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14
Q

Affects Chloride Ion Channels in baby.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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15
Q

Affects GI and Respiratory Mucus linings and exocrine secretions

A

Cystic fibrosis

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16
Q

Honeycomb Lung

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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17
Q

Caseous necrosis in lung

A

Tuberculosis

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18
Q

Gohns complexes

A

Tuberculosis

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19
Q

Epitheliod Histocytes

A

Tuberculosis

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20
Q

Tuberculosis in the spine

A

Pott’s Disease

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21
Q

Vertebra collapses from TB

A

Gibbus deformity

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22
Q

vasculitis of the lung and kidney

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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23
Q

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

A

Emphysema

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24
Q

Decreased tubular excretion of nitrogen (increased nitrogen in the blood)

A

Azotemia

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25
Q

MC/c by prostate problems or ureter stones

A

hydronephrosis

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26
Q

MC/c by calcium ocalates (too much sugar in diet)

A

Kidney stones

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27
Q

Kidney Stone Pain Pattern

A

starts in back and radiates to the flanks, once in ureters it is localized to the groin

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28
Q

RBCs and small amounts of protein in the urine

A

Nephritic Syndrome

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29
Q

Hypertension, Edema, Proteinurea (massive)

A

Pre-eclampsia (nephrotic syndrome)

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30
Q

Hypertension, Convulsions, Edema, Proteinurea

A

Eclampsia (possible fatal)

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31
Q

Moth eaten apperance of Kidney

A

Polycystic Kidney Disease

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32
Q

Acute Tubercular Necrosis

A

Shock

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33
Q

Neuroblastoma. Mixed tumor of the kidney. In children (malignant)

A

Wilm’s Tumor

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34
Q

Decresed cortisol, hypoadrenia, LBP, hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s Disease

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35
Q

XS ACTH leading to XS MSH

A

Addison’s Disease

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36
Q

XS Aldosterone (ZG), hypertension, water retention

A

Conn’s

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37
Q

XS Cortisol (Z.F), hyperadrenia

A

Cushing’s

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38
Q

moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, central obesity

A

Cushing’s

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39
Q

Hyperplasia of thyroid cells due to lack of iodine

A

Goiter

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40
Q

Hyperparathyroidism, exopthalmoses, heat intolerence, weight loss, rapid HR, hair loss

A

Grave’s

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41
Q

AutoImmune disease cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimotos

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42
Q

Increase Pituitary size

A

Hashimotos

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43
Q

Hypothyroidism, Cretinism (child), Cold intolerance, weight gain, slow HR, lateral 1/3 of eyebrow loss,

A

Myxedema

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44
Q

HPV 16 virus implicated

A

Cervical Cancer

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45
Q

can cause testicular cancer

A

Cryptochism

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46
Q

MC site is the ovary

A

endometriosis

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47
Q

Uretra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis

A

epispadias

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48
Q

Urethra exits on the ventral surface of the penis

A

hypospadias

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49
Q

Pregnancy or hydatidiform mole

A

increased HcG

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50
Q

non-viable embryo that has implanted

A

hydatidiform mole

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51
Q

tumor of smooth muscle, fibroids in the uterus

A

Leiomyoma

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52
Q

anovulation, obesity, hirsutism

A

Polycystic ovary disease

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53
Q

MC/c of cancer of the testes mesenchymal/stem cells

A

seminoma

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54
Q

Hutchinson’s teeth, Rhagades, Saddle nose deformity, Sabre blade tibia, interstitial keratitis

A

congenital syphilis

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55
Q

maculopapular rash and condylomata lata

A

secondary syphilis

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56
Q

tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas

A

tertiary syphilis

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57
Q

Argyll Robertson’s puppil, not react to light but constricts on accomodation

A

tertiary syphilis

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58
Q

Adie’s Pupil

A

tonic pupil dilation due to injury to CN III’s edinger westphal nucleus

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59
Q

tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia

A

miosis

60
Q

Soft, Painful, gram - coccobacillus

A

Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi)

61
Q

Bacterial infex similar to trichimonas

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

62
Q

Salpingitis or PID, burning urination, pus in urine, arthritis (knee), coffee bean shaped histology

A

Gonorrhea

63
Q

Produces rectal strictures, diagnose with Frei Test

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

64
Q

purulent discharge, green and frothy urine, fishy, foul

A

trichimonas

65
Q

MC STD, produces white discharge

A

chlamydia

66
Q

spasm of lower esophageal sphinctor

A

achalasia

67
Q

absence of myenteric plexus, megaesophagus (upper), lack of motility

A

achalasia

68
Q

metaplasia of the esophagus cells into stomach cells, caused by gerd

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

69
Q

Occlusion of Hepatic Veins, abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari

70
Q

rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, increased liver enzymes, and eventual encephalopathy

A

Acute Budd-Chiari

71
Q

Intolerance to gluten and loss of gut villi

A

celiac disease (non-tropical spru)

72
Q

inflammation of the gall bladder, MC/c gallstones

A

cholecystitis

73
Q

gallstones

A

cholelithiasis

74
Q

young, distal SI, cecum, and ascending colon, Skip lesions,

A

Crohn’s

75
Q

No bloody diarrhea, inflammation of GI tract, cobble stone appearance, causes dehydration

A

Crohn’s

76
Q

out pouching of the intestine, usually lower left quadrant

A

diverticula

77
Q

difficulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

78
Q

MC/c of death of children worldwide, dehydration from diarrhea

A

enteritis

79
Q

MC/c of frank red blood in stool

A

hemorrhoids

80
Q

congenital megacolon (no myenteric plexus)

A

Hischbrung’s

81
Q

telescoping of intestine, may be caused by rotavirus

A

intussusception

82
Q

spastic colon, distension, pain, diarhhea, stress related

A

irritable bowel

83
Q

hematemesis, alcoholism, lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach

A

Mallory-Weid Syndrome

84
Q

out pouching of distal ileum

A

Meckel’s Diverticula

85
Q

polyps everywhere in the Gi tract

A

PeutzJegher

86
Q

Iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

87
Q

infant projectile vommiting

A

pyloric stenosis

88
Q

antomically shortened esophagus

A

sliding hiatal hernia

89
Q

fat in stool, problem with GB

A

steatosis

90
Q

Toxic Megacolon, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, left abdominal pain, lead pipe rigidity

A

Ulcerative Colitis

91
Q

Starts in colon moves distally

A

Ulcerative Colitis

92
Q

twisting of an organ around its long axis

A

volvulus

93
Q

outpouching of the esophagus into the pharynx

A

Zenker’s Diverticulum

94
Q

dec. B-cells, dec IgG, M/c primary immunodeficiency at birth, X-linked

A

Bruton’s Agammaglobulinnemia

95
Q

Hypoplasia of thymus= primary T-cell deficiency at birth

A

DiGeorge’s

96
Q

Starry sky appearance, central africa, jaw swelling, young child

A

Burkett’s Lymphoma

97
Q

Pel Epstein fever, Biopsy: Reed Sternberg cells, enlarged lymph nodes. Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

98
Q

Leukemia of bone marrow, affects plasma cells, age 50+, non-hodgkin’s,

A

Multiple myeloma

99
Q

Newborn w/o proper B or T-cells, problem with bone marrow, in adult m/c due to aplastic anemia, possible from benzene poisoning

A

Severe Combined immune deficiency

100
Q

Coagulation

A

Injury (releases thromboplastin- need Vit. K), Thrmoboplastin triggers production of prothmbin in liver, prothrombin with Vit K and Calcium converts to thrombin, fibrinogen converts to fibrin, fibrinogen is also made in the liver,

101
Q

The more thrombin produced the more what?

A

fibrin produced

102
Q

clot breakdown

A

fibrolysin/plasmin dissolve clots

103
Q

Factor 8 def., Von Willibrand Disease, decreased platelet adhesion

A

Hemophilia A

104
Q

Factor 9 def., Christmas Factor disease, X-chromosome (female-carrier, male-disease)

A

Hemophilia B

105
Q

Stuart Factor, Factor 10 def.

A

Hemophilia B

106
Q

Factor 11 and 12 def. 11-mild, 12- Hageman Factor

A

Hemophilia C

107
Q

Lack or loss of RBCs

A

anemia

108
Q

decreased RBCs and WBCs in the blood, caused by benzene poisoning, degeneration of bone marrow

A

Aplastic Anemia

109
Q

Mc/c of anemia

A

iron def.

110
Q

lack of intrinsic factor

A

pernicious anemia

111
Q

megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy, leades to spina bifida occulata

A

Folic Acid

112
Q

macrocytic hypochromic anemia, seen in vegetarians

A

B-12 def.

113
Q

Decreased red blood cells, toxins, chemotherapy

A

bone marrow suppression

114
Q

chronic blood loss, microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

iron def.

115
Q

normochromic normocytic anemia

A

hemmorage

116
Q

hemolytic breakdown blood loss, anemia

A

sickle cell or malaria

117
Q

Hair on end appearance on xray, mediterranean anemia, Cooley’s anemia

A

Thalassemia Major

118
Q

Rh- mother, Rh+ father, Rh+ baby, Type II cytotoxic

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

119
Q

Decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the blood

A

pancytopenia

120
Q

increased RBCs

A

polycythemia

121
Q

Primary Polycythemia

A

polycythemia rubra vera, pathological

122
Q

Secondar Polycythemia

A

relative polycythemia, normal response to high altitudes

123
Q

decreased platelets in the blood

A

thrombocytopenia

124
Q

ruptured berry aneurysm

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

125
Q

longitudinal tearing away of the aorta, tearing pain

A

dissecting aneurysm

126
Q

sudden low back pain, hypovolemic shock, thready pulse, curvilinear calcification, fusiform shape

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

127
Q

deposition of fatty plaque, arteriosclerosis, lipid deposits in tunica intima, narrowing o farterial lumens

A

atherosclerosis

128
Q

Thromboangitis obliterans, lower extremity, males with history of smoking, intermittent claudication (cramping with exertion)

A

Buerger’s disease

129
Q

fluid in pericardial space, prevents proper ventricular filling, medical emergency

A

Cardiac Tamponade

130
Q

narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian, produces hypertension in upper extremity, and hypotension in lower extremity

A

Coarctation of aorta (congenital)

131
Q

tunica media of medium-sized arteries calcified, in smokers and diabetics

A

Monkenberg’s sclerosis

132
Q

MC benign cardiac tumor and MC cardiac tumor

A

myxoma

133
Q

coronary artery vasospasm

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

134
Q

vasospasm of arteries, secondary to collagen disorders, hands and feet, cyanosis, brought on by cold or emotion, dry gangrene, females, smokers

A

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

135
Q

tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle

A

rhamdomyoma

136
Q

half moon shaped RBC, H-shaped vertebra, homozygous allele

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

137
Q

pulseless disease, granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch

A

Takaysu arteritis

138
Q

giant cell arteritis, affects temporal arteries, chronic HTN, opthalmic artery leading to blindness, increased ESR

A

Temporal Arteritis

139
Q

dextrarotation of aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis

A

tetralogy of fallot (congenital)

140
Q

after tooth extraction mitral valve infection, aschoff bodies

A

valvular lesions

141
Q

affects the aortic valve

A

syphilis

142
Q

MC seen in children, leukemia

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

143
Q

leukemia, any age, MC acute leukemia in adults, worst prognosis

A

acute myeloblastic leukemia

144
Q

leukemia, MC chronic in adults,

A

chronic lymphoblastic leukemia

145
Q

leukemia, young adulthood, increased granulocytes, philidalphia chromosome #22

A

chronic myelocytic leukemia

Irene Gold Board Review (2 decks)

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