Pathology- Diseases of Organ Systems (34%) Flashcards
1
Q
Dust from sand, rock or glass. Sandbalsters at risk
A
Silicosis
2
Q
Rocky Quarry Disease
A
Silicosis
3
Q
Risk for mesothelioma (malignant tumor) in lower lung lobes
A
Asbestosis
4
Q
Iron Dust
A
Siderosis
5
Q
Cotton Dust. “Brown Lung”
A
Byssinosis
6
Q
Black lung disease from miners.
A
Antracosis
7
Q
Caplan’s syndrome=
A
Antracosis + RA
8
Q
Endemic Fungus around Mississippi or Ohio valleys
A
Histomycosis or Histoplasmosis
9
Q
Endemic fungus in deserts of the southwest
A
coccidiomycosis
10
Q
San Joaquin Valley Fever
A
Coccidiomycosis
11
Q
Curschmann’s Spirals or Charcot Leyden Crystals
A
Asthma
12
Q
Sputum analysis yeilds eosinophils
A
Asthma
13
Q
Iron in lungs due to bleeding
A
Hemosiderosis
14
Q
Affects Chloride Ion Channels in baby.
A
Cystic Fibrosis
15
Q
Affects GI and Respiratory Mucus linings and exocrine secretions
A
Cystic fibrosis
16
Q
Honeycomb Lung
A
Pulmonary fibrosis
17
Q
Caseous necrosis in lung
A
Tuberculosis
18
Q
Gohns complexes
A
Tuberculosis
19
Q
Epitheliod Histocytes
A
Tuberculosis
20
Q
Tuberculosis in the spine
A
Pott’s Disease
21
Q
Vertebra collapses from TB
A
Gibbus deformity
22
Q
vasculitis of the lung and kidney
A
Wegener’s granulomatosis
23
Q
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
A
Emphysema
24
Q
Decreased tubular excretion of nitrogen (increased nitrogen in the blood)
A
Azotemia
25
MC/c by prostate problems or ureter stones
hydronephrosis
26
MC/c by calcium ocalates (too much sugar in diet)
Kidney stones
27
Kidney Stone Pain Pattern
starts in back and radiates to the flanks, once in ureters it is localized to the groin
28
RBCs and small amounts of protein in the urine
Nephritic Syndrome
29
Hypertension, Edema, Proteinurea (massive)
Pre-eclampsia (nephrotic syndrome)
30
Hypertension, Convulsions, Edema, Proteinurea
Eclampsia (possible fatal)
31
Moth eaten apperance of Kidney
Polycystic Kidney Disease
32
Acute Tubercular Necrosis
Shock
33
Neuroblastoma. Mixed tumor of the kidney. In children (malignant)
Wilm's Tumor
34
Decresed cortisol, hypoadrenia, LBP, hyperpigmentation
Addison's Disease
35
XS ACTH leading to XS MSH
Addison's Disease
36
XS Aldosterone (ZG), hypertension, water retention
Conn's
37
XS Cortisol (Z.F), hyperadrenia
Cushing's
38
moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, central obesity
Cushing's
39
Hyperplasia of thyroid cells due to lack of iodine
Goiter
40
Hyperparathyroidism, exopthalmoses, heat intolerence, weight loss, rapid HR, hair loss
Grave's
41
AutoImmune disease cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimotos
42
Increase Pituitary size
Hashimotos
43
Hypothyroidism, Cretinism (child), Cold intolerance, weight gain, slow HR, lateral 1/3 of eyebrow loss,
Myxedema
44
HPV 16 virus implicated
Cervical Cancer
45
can cause testicular cancer
Cryptochism
46
MC site is the ovary
endometriosis
47
Uretra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis
epispadias
48
Urethra exits on the ventral surface of the penis
hypospadias
49
Pregnancy or hydatidiform mole
increased HcG
50
non-viable embryo that has implanted
hydatidiform mole
51
tumor of smooth muscle, fibroids in the uterus
Leiomyoma
52
anovulation, obesity, hirsutism
Polycystic ovary disease
53
MC/c of cancer of the testes mesenchymal/stem cells
seminoma
54
Hutchinson's teeth, Rhagades, Saddle nose deformity, Sabre blade tibia, interstitial keratitis
congenital syphilis
55
maculopapular rash and condylomata lata
secondary syphilis
56
tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas
tertiary syphilis
57
Argyll Robertson's puppil, not react to light but constricts on accomodation
tertiary syphilis
58
Adie's Pupil
tonic pupil dilation due to injury to CN III's edinger westphal nucleus
59
tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia
miosis
60
Soft, Painful, gram - coccobacillus
Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi)
61
Bacterial infex similar to trichimonas
Gardnerella Vaginalis
62
Salpingitis or PID, burning urination, pus in urine, arthritis (knee), coffee bean shaped histology
Gonorrhea
63
Produces rectal strictures, diagnose with Frei Test
Lymphogranuloma venereum
64
purulent discharge, green and frothy urine, fishy, foul
trichimonas
65
MC STD, produces white discharge
chlamydia
66
spasm of lower esophageal sphinctor
achalasia
67
absence of myenteric plexus, megaesophagus (upper), lack of motility
achalasia
68
metaplasia of the esophagus cells into stomach cells, caused by gerd
Barrett's Esophagus
69
Occlusion of Hepatic Veins, abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
Budd-Chiari
70
rapid severe upper abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, increased liver enzymes, and eventual encephalopathy
Acute Budd-Chiari
71
Intolerance to gluten and loss of gut villi
celiac disease (non-tropical spru)
72
inflammation of the gall bladder, MC/c gallstones
cholecystitis
73
gallstones
cholelithiasis
74
young, distal SI, cecum, and ascending colon, Skip lesions,
Crohn's
75
No bloody diarrhea, inflammation of GI tract, cobble stone appearance, causes dehydration
Crohn's
76
out pouching of the intestine, usually lower left quadrant
diverticula
77
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
78
MC/c of death of children worldwide, dehydration from diarrhea
enteritis
79
MC/c of frank red blood in stool
hemorrhoids
80
congenital megacolon (no myenteric plexus)
Hischbrung's
81
telescoping of intestine, may be caused by rotavirus
intussusception
82
spastic colon, distension, pain, diarhhea, stress related
irritable bowel
83
hematemesis, alcoholism, lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach
Mallory-Weid Syndrome
84
out pouching of distal ileum
Meckel's Diverticula
85
polyps everywhere in the Gi tract
PeutzJegher
86
Iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis
Plummer Vinson syndrome
87
infant projectile vommiting
pyloric stenosis
88
antomically shortened esophagus
sliding hiatal hernia
89
fat in stool, problem with GB
steatosis
90
Toxic Megacolon, ulcers, bloody diarrhea, left abdominal pain, lead pipe rigidity
Ulcerative Colitis
91
Starts in colon moves distally
Ulcerative Colitis
92
twisting of an organ around its long axis
volvulus
93
outpouching of the esophagus into the pharynx
Zenker's Diverticulum
94
dec. B-cells, dec IgG, M/c primary immunodeficiency at birth, X-linked
Bruton's Agammaglobulinnemia
95
Hypoplasia of thymus= primary T-cell deficiency at birth
DiGeorge's
96
Starry sky appearance, central africa, jaw swelling, young child
Burkett's Lymphoma
97
Pel Epstein fever, Biopsy: Reed Sternberg cells, enlarged lymph nodes. Hepatosplenomegaly
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
98
Leukemia of bone marrow, affects plasma cells, age 50+, non-hodgkin's,
Multiple myeloma
99
Newborn w/o proper B or T-cells, problem with bone marrow, in adult m/c due to aplastic anemia, possible from benzene poisoning
Severe Combined immune deficiency
100
Coagulation
Injury (releases thromboplastin- need Vit. K), Thrmoboplastin triggers production of prothmbin in liver, prothrombin with Vit K and Calcium converts to thrombin, fibrinogen converts to fibrin, fibrinogen is also made in the liver,
101
The more thrombin produced the more what?
fibrin produced
102
clot breakdown
fibrolysin/plasmin dissolve clots
103
Factor 8 def., Von Willibrand Disease, decreased platelet adhesion
Hemophilia A
104
Factor 9 def., Christmas Factor disease, X-chromosome (female-carrier, male-disease)
Hemophilia B
105
Stuart Factor, Factor 10 def.
Hemophilia B
106
Factor 11 and 12 def. 11-mild, 12- Hageman Factor
Hemophilia C
107
Lack or loss of RBCs
anemia
108
decreased RBCs and WBCs in the blood, caused by benzene poisoning, degeneration of bone marrow
Aplastic Anemia
109
Mc/c of anemia
iron def.
110
lack of intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia
111
megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy, leades to spina bifida occulata
Folic Acid
112
macrocytic hypochromic anemia, seen in vegetarians
B-12 def.
113
Decreased red blood cells, toxins, chemotherapy
bone marrow suppression
114
chronic blood loss, microcytic hypochromic anemia
iron def.
115
normochromic normocytic anemia
hemmorage
116
hemolytic breakdown blood loss, anemia
sickle cell or malaria
117
Hair on end appearance on xray, mediterranean anemia, Cooley's anemia
Thalassemia Major
118
Rh- mother, Rh+ father, Rh+ baby, Type II cytotoxic
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
119
Decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the blood
pancytopenia
120
increased RBCs
polycythemia
121
Primary Polycythemia
polycythemia rubra vera, pathological
122
Secondar Polycythemia
relative polycythemia, normal response to high altitudes
123
decreased platelets in the blood
thrombocytopenia
124
ruptured berry aneurysm
subarachnoid hemorrhage
125
longitudinal tearing away of the aorta, tearing pain
dissecting aneurysm
126
sudden low back pain, hypovolemic shock, thready pulse, curvilinear calcification, fusiform shape
abdominal aortic aneurysm
127
deposition of fatty plaque, arteriosclerosis, lipid deposits in tunica intima, narrowing o farterial lumens
atherosclerosis
128
Thromboangitis obliterans, lower extremity, males with history of smoking, intermittent claudication (cramping with exertion)
Buerger's disease
129
fluid in pericardial space, prevents proper ventricular filling, medical emergency
Cardiac Tamponade
130
narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian, produces hypertension in upper extremity, and hypotension in lower extremity
Coarctation of aorta (congenital)
131
tunica media of medium-sized arteries calcified, in smokers and diabetics
Monkenberg's sclerosis
132
MC benign cardiac tumor and MC cardiac tumor
myxoma
133
coronary artery vasospasm
Prinzmetal's angina
134
vasospasm of arteries, secondary to collagen disorders, hands and feet, cyanosis, brought on by cold or emotion, dry gangrene, females, smokers
Raynaud's Phenomenon
135
tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle
rhamdomyoma
136
half moon shaped RBC, H-shaped vertebra, homozygous allele
Sickle Cell Anemia
137
pulseless disease, granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch
Takaysu arteritis
138
giant cell arteritis, affects temporal arteries, chronic HTN, opthalmic artery leading to blindness, increased ESR
Temporal Arteritis
139
dextrarotation of aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis
tetralogy of fallot (congenital)
140
after tooth extraction mitral valve infection, aschoff bodies
valvular lesions
141
affects the aortic valve
syphilis
142
MC seen in children, leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
143
leukemia, any age, MC acute leukemia in adults, worst prognosis
acute myeloblastic leukemia
144
leukemia, MC chronic in adults,
chronic lymphoblastic leukemia
145
leukemia, young adulthood, increased granulocytes, philidalphia chromosome #22
chronic myelocytic leukemia
