pathology definitions Flashcards
Tendonosis
degenerative changes occurring with chronic overuse tendon injuries like tennis elbow.
Impingement syndrome
inflammation, pain and edema in the tissues within the coracoacromial arch and between the acromiaoclavicular and glenohumeral joints. Painful compression of the tendons, especially supraspinatus
3 stages of impingement
stage 1 there is edema and hemorrhage of the subacromial bursa (reversible)
stage 2 tendonitis and fibrosis are present (reversible)
Stage 3 incomplete tears or complete rupture occurs (surgery indicated)
Calcific tendonitis/tendonopathy
late occurring stage of rotator cuff tendonitis, usually developing in the supraspinatus tendon. Pressure on the tendon causes the fibrocytes to change the chondrocytes, collagen distingetrates and calcific deposits accumulate within the cell
Repetitive strain injury (RSI)
Repetitive movments and poor posture lead to mm fatigue and damage to the mm, tendons, and nerves of the shoulders, neck and arms.
Bursitis
inflammation of bursa
Common location of bursa
subscapular, subacromial, subcoracoid, olecranon, trochanteric, ischiogluteal, iliopectineal, pes anserine, infrapatellar, prepatellar, retrocalcaneal
baker’s cyst
is a synovial cyst that usually appears at the lateral side of the popliteal space
Bunion
occurs at the fist metatarsophalangeal joint capsule
Osteoarthritis
a group of chronic, degenerative conditions that affect joints, specifically their articular cartilage and subchondral bone
involves muscle, underlying bone, ligaments, joint lining (synovium) and joint capsule
Primary arthritis
idiopathic, either local or generalized
secondary arthritis
the result or a known cause such as joint trauma or an underlying pathology
Ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that involves specific areas of the body, primarily the spine. Start with synovitis at the SI joints, then to spine, ligaments, vertebrae…
Deformity common for OA
Herberden’s nodes - DIPs
Bouchard’s nodes - PIPs
Deformity common for RA
Swan neck - DIP flexed
Boutonniere (button hole) - DIP hyper extended
Rheumatoid arthritis
an inflammatory destructive, chronic autoimmune disease of multiple joints and connective tissue throughout the body
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
A type of chronic attack - remit autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect any system or organ in a variable manner
Still’s disease and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
chronic synovial inflammation in children (idiopathic)
Lyme disease
A complex rheumatic disease caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi
Reiter’s syndrome
a triad of arthritis, non-gonococcal urethritis and conjunctivitis (pink eye) following inflammation of the intestines or urinary tract
Scleroderma
a systemic disorder affecting collagen, characterized by slowly spreading fibrosis and collagen deposits throughout the body
Strains
an overstretch injury to a musculogendinous unit
Sprain
an overstretch injury to a ligament
dislocation
the complete dissociation of the articulating surfaces of a joint
