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Pathology Ch 17- GIT > Pathology Ch 17 > Flashcards

Pathology Ch 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common ectopic tissue rests seen in the esophagus?

A

Ectopic Gastric Mucosa seen in the upper third of the esophagus (TOPNOTCH)

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2
Q

What is the most common location of Mallory Weiss Tears?

A

Esophagogastric junction or in the proximal gastric (TOPNOTCH)

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3
Q

Definitive diagnosis of Barret Esophagus is made when what type of cells is seen in the columnar mucosa?

A

Intestinal Goblet Cells(TOPNOTCH)

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4
Q

What type of esophagitis presents with punched out linear ulcers with nuclear inclusions seen in degenerating epithelial cells?

A

Herpesvirus esophagitis(TOPNOTCH)

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5
Q

What type of esophagitis presents with linear ulcerations of the esophageal mucosa with histologic findings of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions?

A

CMV esophagitis(TOPNOTCH)

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6
Q

98% of Peptic Ulcers are located in what part of the GIT?

A

First portion of the anterior part of the duodenum(TOPNOTCH)

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7
Q

What is the most common location of gastric ulcer?

A

Lesser curvature (TOPNOTCH)

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8
Q

What is the most common location of gastric carcinoma is?

A

Pylorus and antrum > Cardia > body and fundus(TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

What is the morphologic feature of gastric carcinoma that has the greatest impact on the clinical outcome?

A

Depth of invasion(TOPNOTCH)

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10
Q

What is the most common primary source of gastric metastasis?

A

Systemic lymphoma(TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

What is the usual organism that cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with nephrotic syndrome?

A

E. coli(TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

In bacterial peritonitis, approximately how many hours from the time of initiation before there is loss of the gray, glistening quality of the peritoneal surface and it becomes dull and lusterless?

A

2-4 hours(TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

What is the histologic criterion for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis?

A

Presence of neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis propria.(TOPNOTCH)

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14
Q

What is the most common site of gut carcinoid tumors?

A

Appendix(TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

What is the most important prognostic indicator of colorectal carcinoma?

A

The extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis or the stage(TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Morphology: a type of adenoma that has frondlike villiform extensions of the mucosa, covered by dysplastic, sometimes very disorderly columnar epithelium

A

Villous adenomas(TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

These structures represent islands of inflamed regenerating mucosa surrounded by ulceration

A

Inflammatory or pseudopolyps(TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Most adenomas are seen in what part of the GIT?

A

Ampulla of Vater(TOPNOTCH)

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19
Q

Most tubular adenomas are found in what part of the GIT?

A

Colon(TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

Gross morphology: small, flask like or spherical outpouchings, usually 0.5 to 1 cm and located in the sigmoid colon

A

Colonic diverticula(TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

Morphology: thin wall composed of flattened or atrophic mucosa, compressed submucosa, and attenuated or totally absent muscularis propria.

A

Colonic diverticula(TOPNOTCH)

22
Q

What are the two most important factors in the genesis of colonic diverticula?

A

Focal weakness in the colonic wall and increased intraluminal pressure(TOPNOTCH)

23
Q

What is the most common site of angiodysplasia?

A

Cecum(TOPNOTCH)

24
Q

Morphology: these are tortuous dilations of submucosal and mucosal blood vessels

A

Angiodysplasia(TOPNOTCH)

25
Q

What area of the GIT is at greatest risk of ischemic injury?

A

Splenic flexure(TOPNOTCH)

26
Q

Morphology: diffuse active inflammation with crypt abscess and glandular architectural distortion

A

Ulcerative Colitis(TOPNOTCH)

27
Q

What is the earliest lesion seen in Crohn Disease?

A

Focal neutrophilic infiltration into the epithelial layer, particularly overlying mucosal lymphoid aggregates(TOPNOTCH)

28
Q

What is the hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease, both CD and UC?

A

Chronic mucosal damage(TOPNOTCH)

29
Q

Gross morphology: narrowing of lumen, bowel wall thickening, serosal extension of mesenteric fat, and linear ulceration of the mucosal surface

A

Crohn disease(TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

What are the two key pathogenic abnormalities seen in Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel disease?

A

Strong immune response against normal flora and defects in epithelial barrier function(TOPNOTCH)

31
Q

Gross morphology: intestinal wall is rubbery and thick, as a consequence of edema, inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy of the muscularis propria

A

Crohn disease(TOPNOTCH)

32
Q

Morphology: small intestinal mucosa laden with distended macrophages in the lamina propria which are PAS positive and contains numerous bacilli and diastase resistant granules

A

Whipple disease(TOPNOTCH)

33
Q

Intestinal lipodystrophy is associated with what disease entity?

A

Whipple disase(TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

Morphology: diffuse severe atrophy and blunting of villi, with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria

A

Celiac disease(TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Morphology: focal crypt cell necrosis or apoptosis with minimal to absent inflammatory cell response in the lamina propria

A

Acute GVHD(TOPNOTCH)

36
Q

Morphology: marked blunting of the small intestinal villi with a mixed inflammatory infiltrate resembling the atrophic stage of celiac disease

A

Giardiasis(TOPNOTCH)

37
Q

Morphology: superficial erosion of the mucosa and an adherent pseudomembrane of fibrin, mucus, and inflammatory debris

A

Pseudomembranous colitis(TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Morphology: small intestinal mucosa usually exhibits modestly shortened villi and infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes

A

Viral gastroenteritis(TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

What virus affecting the GIT can produce a flat mucosa resembling celiac sprue?

A

Rotavirus(TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Morphology: characterized by the absence of ganglion cells and ganglia in the muscle wall and submucosa of the affected segment

A

Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon(TOPNOTCH)

41
Q

Stercoral ulcers are seen in what disease entity?

A

Congenital aganglionic megacolon(TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

The majority of these tumors are positive for c-KIT (CD 117)

A

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor(TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

What is the most common site of gastric carcinoma?

A

Pylorus and anthrum 50%-60%(TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

What is the most favored site of gastric carcinoma?

A

lesser curvature of the anthropyloric region(TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

What is the morphologic feature of gastric carcinoma that has the greatest impact on clinical outcome?

A

Depth of invasion(TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

This is a variant of gastric carcinoma composed of neoplastic intestinal glands resembling those of colonic adnocarcinoma and the neoplastic cells contain apical mucin vacuoles and abundant mucin may be present in gland lumens

A

Intestinal type(TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

This is a variant of gastric carcinoma which is composed of gastric type mucous cells, which generally do not form glands, but rather permeate the mcosa and wall as scattered individual cells or small clusters in an infiltrative growth pattern

A

Diffuse type(TOPNOTCH)

48
Q

What is the most common type of gastric polyp?

A

Hyperplastic polyp(TOPNOTCH)

49
Q

In gastritis, histologically, what signifies an active inflammation?

A

Presence of neutrophils above the basement membrane.(TOPNOTCH)

50
Q

H. pylori infection in duodenal ulcers is present in about how many percent of patients?

A

Virtually ALL (70% in patients with gastric ulcer(TOPNOTCH)

Pathology Ch 17- GIT (1 decks)

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