Pathology

Question 1

Males under 30 with lower back pain at night, fever, weight loss & fatique are generally characterized symptoms of what Pathology

Answer 1

Anklosing Sponylitis

Question 2

What is the difference between Osteoarthritis and Rhumatoid Arthritis?

Answer 2

Osteoarthritis affects the weight bearing joints and interphalangeal joints of the fingers, irregular narrowing of joint spaces caused by the loss of cartilage within the joint

Rhumatiod Arthritis is a non-infectious inflammatory disease affecting primarly the small joins of the hands and feet, there is an increased growth of synovial tissue, the narrowing is smooth and regular

Question 3

What disease could mimic child abuse?

Answer 3

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease)

Question 4

Radiographic appearance of large bony defects, absence of lamina and increased interpedicular distance is characteristic of?

Answer 4

Spina Bifida

Question 5

Increased bone density, causing brittle bones and loss of blood-producing marrow is indicative of?

Answer 5

Osteopetrosis (Marble Bones)

Question 6

What is the radiographic appearance of Achondroplasia?

Answer 6

long bones appear short and thick, with widened metaphysis

Question 7

Incomplete actabulum formation caused by physiologic and mechanical factors

Answer 7

Congenital Hip Dysplasia (CHD)

Question 8

What is Osteomyelitis and its radiographic appearance?

Answer 8

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by infection,

moth-eaten appearances and elevated periosteum

Question 9

Cancer arising in bone marrow, usually affects teenagers to 30yrs, Ill defined area of bone destruction/medullary destruction

Answer 9

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 10

Can copy the radiographic appearance of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Answer 10

Rickets

Most common in premature infants,

Question 11

What is the difference between Osteochondroma (Exostosis) and Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastomas)

Answer 11

Osteochondromas occur in the growth plate, shows bone growth that runs parallel to the main bone and points away from the nearest join usually about the knee

Giant Cell Tumors are lucent metaphysis with multiple large bubbles, doesn’t involve the joint, usually the distal knee or proximal tibia. 50% can reoccur

Question 12

Affects pelvis, spine, skull, tibias, femurs and clavicles, with a cotton wool radiographic appearance

Answer 12

Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans)

Question 13

High malignant, occur mainly above the knee, most commonly occur between 10-25 years of age

Answer 13

Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteocoma)

Question 14

More prominent in boys 10-15 years old, overuse injury in the knee area

Answer 14

Osgood Schlatter’s

Question 15

Radiographic appearance: hyperlucent area of lungs, lung markings absent, visceral pleural line
Why would inspiration and expiration images be taken?

Answer 15

Pneumothorax

To demonstrate a small pneumothorax

Question 16

What is the difference between Pleural Effusion and Pulmonary Edema?

Answer 16

Pleural Effusion:
Fluid collection within the pleural cavity, air fluid levels,
Pulmonary Edema:
fluid collection in the pulmonary tissues, no air fluid levels

Question 17

Radiographic Appearance:

insufficient or absence of ganglion cells, gradually, tapered, smooth conical narrowing, gastric bubble may be absent

Answer 17

Achalasia

Question 18

Occurs in 14-24 year olds, chronic disease, bowl wall thickens, cobble stone appearance, string sign, & skip lesions, small bowel

Answer 18

Crohn’s disease (Regional Enteritis)

Question 19

Congenital disorder in infants, string sign, will throw up shortly after being feed

Answer 19

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Question 20

Absence of neurons in bowel wall, typically starts in sigmoid colon, prevents relaxation, congenital

Answer 20

Megacolon (Hirschprung’s disease)

Question 21

Begins in rectosigmoid area, inflammitory, loss of haustral markings (lead pipe), strippled mucosal pattern, collarbotton appearance

Answer 21

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 22

Probems with the electrical sytem of the heart muscle, heart pumps less effectively

What drugs would be used to treat this pathology?

Answer 22

Arrhythmias

Antiarrhythmais
Quinidine (quinaglute)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride (xylocaine)
Aminodarone Hydrocholride (cardarone)
** All found on crash cart

Question 23

thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial wall

How does this happen?

What can it cause in the coronary arteries?

Answer 23

Atherosclerosis

plaque develop in the intima and produce progressive narrowing and often occlusion

Myocardial Infarction

Question 24

What does Tetralogy of Fallot consist of?

What does it look like?

Answer 24

1. Ventricular septal defect
2. Pulmonary Stenosis
3. overriding of the aoritc orifice above the ventricular defect
4. Right Ventricular hypertrophy

Enlargment of the right ventricle causes upward and lateral displacement of the apex of the heart “Coeur en sabot” (curved toe portion of a wooden shoe)

Question 25

Non-suppurative (non pus forming), inflammaroty process, begins in cortex & in tiny arteries, kidneys appear larger, renal outline remains smooth & collecting system normal, usually bilateral

Answer 25

Glomerulonephritis

Question 26

inherited disorder with multiple cysts of varying size causing enlargment of kidneys, hypertensive “swiss cheese pattern”

Answer 26

Polycystic Kidney

Question 27

most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy & childhood, tends to become very large and appear as a palpable mass, causes pronounced disortation & displacement of pelvicalyceal system

Answer 27

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumor)

Question 28

Thickening of the gastric wall or as an intraluminal mass, rarely noticed until to far gone

Answer 28

Gastric Cancer

Question 29

varicose veins of the lower end of rectum, cause pain, itching & bleeding

Answer 29

Hemorrhoids

Question 30

Radiographic Appearance:
rounded or linear collection of contrast material surrounded by lucent folds that often radiate toward the crater, thickening of the mucosal lining

Answer 30

Duodenal ulcer

Question 31

Accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, result from portal hypertension, chronic hepatitis, CHF, renal failure
Dense, gray, ground glass appearance

Answer 31

Ascities

Question 32

Chronic Degenerative disease of the liver, fibrotic tissue, fatty lobules, functions deteriorate

Answer 32

Cirrhosis

Question 33

commonly caused from portal hypertension, round or oval defects “beads of rosary”

Answer 33

Esophageal Varies

Question 34

Flat, plaquelike lesion occasionally with ulceration, involves one wall, progressive difficulty in swallowing

Answer 34

Esophageal Carcinoma

Question 35

abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into ureters, most common in infancy & childhood, lead to infection

Answer 35

Vesicoureteral Reflux

Question 36

male older then 50 years, produce fingerlike projections into the lumen or may involve the wall, filling defects

Answer 36

Bladder carcinoma

Question 37

more common in women, because urethra is shorter

Chronically can decrease in bladder size, that is often associated with irregularity of wall

Answer 37

Cystis

Question 38

bladder dysfunction caused by interference with the nerve impulses concerned with urination, periodic but unpredictable voiding

Answer 38

Neurogenic Bladder

Question 39

mucosal folds that protrude into the posterior urethra, congenital condition, usually occur to males

Answer 39

Posterior Urethral Vlave

Question 40

suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pus forming bacteria, usually involves one kidney, usually originates in bladder and moves up to involve the kidneys,
Radiographic Appearance:
linear striation in the renal pelvis, patchy calyceal clubbing with parenchymal scarring, (Rounding/Clubbed)

Answer 40

Pyelonephritis

Question 41

Radiographic Appearance;
Bilateral renal enlargment with a delayed & prolonged nephrogram,
rapid deterioration in kidney function

Answer 41

Acute Kidney Failure

Question 42

caused by bilateral renal artery stenosis, bilateral ureteral obstruction and kidney diseases

Answer 42

Chronic Kidney Failure

Question 43

cystlike dilation of a ureter near its opening into the bladder, lesion appears as a round or oval density surrounded by a thin radiolucent halo (cobra head sign), filling defect

Answer 43

ureterocele