Pathology Flashcards
Where are sarcomas most commonly found?
Extremities
Orphan Annie nuclei?
How does this cancer metastasise?
Papillary carcinoma
Lymphatic metastasis
Which thyroid cancer metastasises via haematogenous route?
Where may presenting lesion be?
Follicular
Skull lesion can be presenting lesion
Rash of breast affecting nipple first, then spreading to areolar region?
How to diagnose?
What cancer is this linked to?
Pagets disease of breast
Punch biopsy
Invasive ductal carcinoma?
What liver pathology is OCP linked to?
On USS it is mixed echoey and heterogenous
Liver cell adenoma
Malignant HTN necrosis pattern?
Fibrinoid necrosis
Carcinoid tumour - tumour marker in blood vs urine?
Chromogranin A
Urine = 5-HIAA
Desmoid tumours - what cells make them up and what bowel condition are the associated with?
Myofibroblasts
FAP
Achondroplasia - what is it + inheritance genetic pattern
Dwarfism
Autosomal dominant
BPH - which lobe?
Prostate carcinoma - which lobe?
Median lobe
Posterior
What is trotters triad - what does it diagnose?
Unilateral conductive hearing loss
Ipsilateral facial / ear pain
Ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
Reed Sternberg cells?
Hodgkins lymphoma
Triad of symptoms for fat embolism?
Respiratory, neurological and skin rash
Commonest extra-colonic manifestation of FAP?
Duodenal polyps
Thyroglossal cyst vs dermoid must on imaging?
Thyroglossal = Thin walled and anechoic
Dermoid = Multiloculated and heterogenous
Tuberous sclerosis - which renal cancer is it associated with?
Angiomyolipoma
Which liver tumour linked to PVC?
Angiosarcoma
Works with sheep, liver mass and eosinophilia?
Hydatid cyst
Medullary thyroid carcinoma = which syndrome?
MEN 2
Medullary carcinoma follow up blood marker?
Calcitonin
Subdural vs extradural blood vessel?
Subdural = Anterior and middle cerebral Extradural = middle meningeal
Testicular tumour with normal markers?
Seminoma
Medial ureter displacement?
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Origin of 90% of pancreatic carcinomas?
Adenocarcinoma = ductular epithelium
Phaeo trust?
Urinnary VMA, plasma metanephrine
diarrhoea, weight loss of 10 Kg and a skin rash of erythematous blisters involving the abdomen and buttocks. The blisters have an irregular border and both intact and ruptured vesicles
Glucagonoma
Specifically necrolytic migratory erythema
Parotid malignancy with neural involvement?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
10 year old boy who has learning difficulties, is reported as having a difference in size between his two legs
Neurofibromatosis 1
Due to plexiform neuroma, attracts blood flow = one leg grows quicker
Scar extending beyond limits?
Keloid scar
Hx of chest infections and absent vas?
Cystic fibrosis
99% of males with CF have absent vas
Pathogenicity of TB?
Delayed hypersensitivity reaction against bacteria
Hypersensitivity reactions - type and the mediators involved?
ACID EGG-T Type 1 Anaphylactic Type 2 Cytotoxic Type 3 Immune complex Type 4 Delayed type
EGG T (mediators)
IgE
IgG
IgG
T cells
Pink renal tumour?
Transitional cell carcinoma
Pagets. vs nipple eczema?
Pagets = nipple only then may spread laterally to areolar Eczema = other way around
Pathological change of aortic aneurysm?
Loss of elastic fibres from media
Fever, RUQ pain and ill defined lesion?
Amoebic cyst
Disorders associated with massive splenomegaly ?
Myelofibrosis Chronic myeloid leukaemia Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) Malaria Gaucher's syndrome
Main reason for hypoxia in ARDS?
Reduced diffusion due to fluid overload
Which breast cancer = microcalcifications?
Comedo type DCIS
What is an annular pancreas?
Where the second part of the duodenum is surrounded by a ring of pancreatic tissue = obstruction
Asteroid bodies?
Sarcoidosis
Brown tumours are associated with which condition?
Conditions resulting in excess osteoclastic activity = HyperPTH
Which amino acid is in all types of collagen?
Glycine
Thyroid specimen with oxyphil cells and scanty thyroid colloid?
Hurthles cell tumour = variant of thyroid follicular cell tumour
Merkel cell tumour - what is it and the histology?
Skin tumour of intra-epidermal Merkel cells
consist of sheets and nodules of small hyperchromatic epithelial cells with high rates of mitosis and apoptosis
What will histological analysis of a carotid body tumour show?
Paraganglionoma
Which cancers metastasis to para-aortic nodes early?
Ovarian
Uterine
Testicular
Which tumours are associated with fibromatosis?
Dermoid tumours
Facial lump with biphasic appearance and mutinous tissue?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Has mixed stromal and epithelial parts
Psammoma bodies?
Papillary carcinoma
These bodies = areas of calcification
CT scan of liver shows floating membrane?
Hydatid cyst
Complications of VSD’s?
Eisenmengers
Aortic regurgitation
RHF
Infective endocarditis
Cystic medial necrosis?
Marfans
Notching of ribs on CXR + murmur?
Coarctation of aorta
Notching due to increased flow through intercostals
Which Bonne disease can complicate pagets
Osteosarcoma
