Pathology Flashcards
What is haematology used for?
Diagnostic tests, blood clotting disorders, haematology oncology and blood and marrow transplants.
What happens in the circulatory system?
It is a transport system, transport O2, products of metabolism to kidneys, transports hormones, also regulates temperature.
What is in blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes and plasma.
What is the production of blood cells called?
Haematopoiesis.
Where is blood produced in the foetus?
Yolk sac, liver and spleen.
Where is blood cells produced in adults?
Stem cells - found in bone marrow.
Bone marrow in adults found in ventral skeleton - pelvis and sternum.
Describe erythrocytes.
Made up of 4 globin chains each one contains a haem molecule. Erythropoietin controls the production of red blood cells, produced in the kidneys. Biconcave shape, no nucleus when mature.
Describe stem cells.
They self replicate, proliferate and differentiate into other cells. Supported by stromal cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages and fat cells. Regulated by growth factors.
Name some blood abnormalities.
Anaemia - deficiency in iron, B12, folate and erythropoietin.
Polycythaemia - overproduction of RBC if in low O2 env.
Sickle cell anaemia.
General abnormalities e.g. haemoglobin or membrane abnormality.
What are white cells?
Granulocytes - neutrophils, basophils, esonphils, macrophages. Lymphocytes - B and T cells.
Describe neutrophils?
Major cells in inflammation, mobile in tissue, contail granules.
What is neutrophilia?
Increase in neutrophils.
What is neutropenia?
A decrease in neutrophils.
What are monocytes?
Circulate in blood then once in tissue known as macrophages. Part of phagocytosis.
What are lymphocytes?
Part of the immune response. B and T cells.
