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Pathology Year 2 Flashcards > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Metaplasia is a disorder of Growth

A

F - disorder of differenciation

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2
Q

Hypoplasia is a disorder of Growth

A

T

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3
Q

Atrophy is a disorder of Differenciation

A

F - disorder of growth

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4
Q

Involution is a disorder of Growth

A

T

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5
Q

If a cell increases in both size AND number of cells, only then is it called Hypoplasia

A

F - only one of those conditions must be met. In addition it is the UNDERDEVELOPMENT of tissue, as opposed to the wasting away of tissue (atrophy)

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6
Q

Hypoplasia is only normal during development of the foetus

A

T

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7
Q

Reduced proliferation is a secondary cause of hypoplasia

A

T

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8
Q

Mismatch of cell replacement is a secondary cause of hypoplasia

A

T

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9
Q

Hypoplasia is normal during the ageing process of a human being

A

F - it is never normal and only seen during development.

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10
Q

A lack of proper hormones causes hypoplasia

A

T

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11
Q

Infections can cause hypoplasia

A

T

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12
Q

Myocardial infarctions are followed by hypoplasia

A

F - MI is commonly followed by compensatory hyperplasia. Mutations, lack of hormones and infections are the main causes of hypoplasia.

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13
Q

Atrophy is defined as a decrease in cell size

A

F- a decrease in cell size OR number

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14
Q

Atrophic cells generally contain the same amount of organelles as their fully formed counterparts

A

F - their decreased function is usually a result of less organelles

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15
Q

Atrophy can be physiological as well as pathological

A

T

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16
Q

Atrophy is a normal effect of the ageing process

A

T - e.g. brain in elderly people

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17
Q

Immobility is a common cause of atrophy in hospitalized patients

A

T - usually for longer stays

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18
Q

Loss of endocrine stimulation is a cause of atrophy

A

T

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19
Q

Loss of innervation is a cause of atrophy

A

T

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20
Q

Atrophy due to lack of endocrine stimulation is always pathological

A

F - can occur as a natural result of ageing, e.g. uterus in menopause

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21
Q

Hypothyroid is an atrophic disease

A

T

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22
Q

Tumours can be a cause of atrophy

A

T - pressure atrophy on surrounding tissue

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23
Q

Atrophy can be caused by a lack of adequate nutrition

A

T - various nutritional diseases

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24
Q

Hypertrophy leads to organ enlargement

A

T

25
Q

Hypertrophy is only pathological

A

F - can be both physiological and pathological

26
Q

Hypertrophy is due to hormonal stimulation

A

T

27
Q

Hypertrophy can be a response to cell death

A

T - hypertrophy after an MI

28
Q

Bladder hypertrophy is rare in prostate cancer

A

F - a relatively common response

29
Q

There is no downside to excessive hypertrophy

A

F - too much hypertrophy can lead to organ failure, e.g. heart

30
Q

Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells or increase in tissue size

A

T

31
Q

Hyperplasia is irreversible

A

F - can be reversed by removing stimulus

32
Q

Hyperplasia is only a pathological response

A

F - can be both pathological or physiological

33
Q

Hyperplasia is normal in the developing female breast

A

T

34
Q

The endometrium undergoes hypertrophy during pregnancy

A

F - hyperplasia

35
Q

Hyperplasia can be compensatory

A

T

36
Q

Hyperplasia of the prostate is always malignant

A

F - benign prostatic hyperplasia

37
Q

Hyperplasia is a normal response to cell damage

A

T - chronic irritation can lead to hyperplasia

38
Q

Increases in hormone levels rarely lead to hyperplasia

A

F - Adrenal Gland Hyperplasia, Thyroid hyperplasia, endometrial hyperplasia

39
Q

Hyperplasia is commonly seen alone

A

F - often accompanied by Hypertrophy

40
Q

Involution is the destruction of an organ

A

F - the return of an enlarged organ to normal size

41
Q

Involution of the uterus happens after pregnancy

A

T

42
Q

Senile Involution is what happens to the brain as it ages and loses function

A

F - senile involution is the regression of vital organs and processes during ageing

43
Q

Metaplasia is irreversible

A

F

44
Q

Which are the main phenomena that characterise irreversible cell damage?

A
  1. Inability to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction

2. Profound disturbances in membrane function

45
Q

Necrosis is a rapid process

A

F - may take up to one hour to develop

46
Q

What are the 3 features of the necrotic cell?

A
  1. Increased Eosinophilia
  2. Glassy Cytoplasm
  3. Nuclear Changes
47
Q

Karyolysis is a patter of nuclear change following necrosis

A

T

48
Q

Karyolysis is the irreversible condensation of chromatin

A

F - Karyolysis is the dissolution of the nucleus

49
Q

Pyknosis is the destructive fragmentation of the nucleus

A

F - Pyknosis is the irreversible condensation of chromatin

50
Q

Karyorrhexis is the dissolution of the cell nucleus

A

F - it is the destructive fragmentation of the nucleus

51
Q

The brain tends to undergo liquefactive nexrosis

A

T

52
Q

Fungal infections can result in liquefactive necrosis

A

T

53
Q

Ischaemia usually results in Coagulative necrosis

A

T

54
Q

Parasitic infection usually results in liquefactive necrosis

A

F - focal bacteria and some fungal infections lead to liquefactive necrosis

55
Q

Tubercolosis commonly results in caseous necrosis

A

T - foci in lungs

56
Q

Limbs that undergo necrosis due to poor blood supply results in what kind of necrosis?

A

Coagulation then becoming gangrenous. If in tandem with an infection, wet-gangrene (liquefactive necrosis) ensues

57
Q

Fat necrosis is often seen after liver failure

A

F - after pancreatitits

58
Q

Fat necrosis is often seen after pacreatitis

A

T

Pathology Year 2 Flashcards (1 decks)

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