Pathology Flashcards
Malignant tumours of MSK are common and most often occur in older age groups
F
UNCOMMON AND OCCUR MORE IN YOUNGER
What is the most common type of benign bone tumor?
Osteochondroma
What is osteochondroma?
BENIGN
- Bony outgrowth on external surface of bone
- Cartilagenous cap
- Doesn’t usually cause problems except for localised pain
Where does osteochondroma typically occur?
Around the epiphysis of long bones and most common in the kneww
What are the different types of benign bone tumors
GOOB HEAFs Giant cell tumour Osteochondroma Osteoid osteoma Brodie's abcess
Hyperparathyroidism Enchondroma Aneurysmal Bone cyst Fibrous Dysplasia Simple bone cyst
For osteochondroma, there is a very large risk of malignant transformation and any lesion growing in size or producing pain may require excisional biopsy
SMALL RISK OF MALIGNANCY
but ANY lesion growing in size or producing pain MAY require excisional biopsy
Multiple osteochondromata can be associated with underlying genetic disorders.
T
What is enchondroma?
- Intramedullary tumor
- Usually metaphyseal
- Usually asymptomatic but can weaken bone (leading to fracture)
How does an enchondroma look on X ray?
- Usually shows as white
- can undergo mineralization resulting in a patchy sclerotic appearance
Where do enchondromas classically occur?
small tubular bones of the hands and feet
What is a simple bone cyst?
- Solitary unicystic fluid filled neoplasm located in a bone
- Can be asymptomaic but can cause weakness in bone
Simple bone cyst is likely to be a defect as a result of what? Where are they commonly found?
Growth from physis - usually found in metphysis in long bones (can be in talus or calc too)
What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?
- Growth with lots of chambers that are filled with blood or serum
- LOcally aggressive and causes CORTICA EXPANSION and DESTRUCTION
- Usually painful
An aneurysmal bone cyst can occur in the metaphyses of many different long bones, flat bones (ribs, skull) and vertebral bodies
T
Where do giant cell tumours most commonly occur?
Tend to involve the epiphyses
Most commonly occur in the knee
What do giant cell tumours look like on X ray?
characteristic “soap bubble” appearance
How to treat giant cell tumour?
intralesional excision
What is fibrous dysplasia?
a genetic mutation results in lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone
- problems with g protein signalling
Fibrous dysplasia is a disease of a bone usually occurring in adolescence
T
bones of the head and neck are most frequently affected in fibrous dysplasia
T
How can fibrous dysplasia be managed?
- Biphosphonates can reduce pain
- Pathologic fractures stabilised with internal fixation
- Cortical bone graft to inc. strengths
What is an osteoid osteoma?
small nidus of immature bone surrounded by an intense sclerotic halo
What are the clinical fetures of osteoid osteoma?
Intense constant pain, worse at night
Brodie’s abscess (subacute osteomyelitis) and hyperparathyroidism (Brown tumours) can also present with?
lytic lesion of bone
