Pathology

Question 1

hypertrophy

Answer 1

Increase in the size of the cells

Question 2

hyperplasia

Answer 2

increase in the number of cells (pregnant uterus)

Question 3

aplasia

Answer 3

failure of cell production, lack of-development of an organ or tissue

Question 4

agenesis

Answer 4

aplasia during fetal development resulting in absence of an organ or tissue

Question 5

hypoplasia

Answer 5

decrease in cell production, less extreme than aplasia, organ is smaller than normal and defective

Question 6

atrophy

Answer 6

decrease in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from a decrease in the mass of preexisting
cells; Wasting

Question 7

metaplasia

Answer 7

the replacement of one differentiated tissue by another

• associated with chronic irritation or inflammation
• example: squamous replacement of columnar epithelium hi the cervix
• seen in smokers!

Question 8

Anaplasia

Answer 8

complete disorganization of cells (cancer)

Question 9

Dysplasia

Answer 9

change in shape, size, or. function of cells,

Question 10

Ischemic Cell Iniurv results from…

Answer 10

anoxia or hypoxia

from, obstruction, anemia, CO poisoning, poor oxygenatkm of blood

Question 11

What are 3 morphological evidences of necrosis

Answer 11

pyknosis, karryohexis, karolysis

Question 12

Pyknosis

Answer 12

Condensation of nucleus, shrinking of cells through degeneration

Question 13

Karryohexis

Answer 13

Fragmentation of nucleus

Question 14

Karolysis

Answer 14

Destruction of nucleus

Question 15

Coagulative Necrosis

Answer 15

Results from sudden cut-off of blood supply (infarct) to an organ
Characterized by general preservation of tissue structure
Usually seen in the heart and kidney, adrenal gland

Question 16

Liquefactive Necrosis

Answer 16

Characterized by digestion of tissue
Most often: Ischemic injury to CNS
“wet brains”

Question 17

Caseous Necrosis

Answer 17

Marked by cheese-like consistency
Most commonly seen in Tuberculosis
“cheesy TB”

Question 18

Gangrenous Necrosis

Answer 18

Usually secondary to interruption of blood supply to an extremity
or bowel

Question 19

Wet Gangrene

Answer 19

when accompanied by liquefactive necrosis secondary to bacterial inf.

Question 20

Dry Gangrene

Answer 20

when accompanied by coagulative necrosis due to arterial obstruction to
an extremity

Question 21

Fatty Necrosis

Answer 21

Eenzymatic necrosis
A complication of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, where
pancreatic enzymes ate released and begin to digest the parenchyma!
cells of the pancreas

Question 22

Wallerian Degeneration

Answer 22

Refers to the way peripheral nerves dies when severed.

Question 23

Zenker’s Necrosis

Answer 23

Degeneration in hyaline cartilage and/or skeletal muscle

Question 24

Carcinoma

Answer 24

Cancer of epithelial tissue that usually spreads by way of the lymphatic system

Question 25

Sarcoma

Answer 25

Cancer of connective tissue that usually spreads by blood

Question 26

Bacteremia

Answer 26

bacteria in the blood

Question 27

septicemia

Answer 27

pathogens or toxins in the blood

Question 28

anoxia

Answer 28

absence of oxygen

Question 29

hypoxia

Answer 29

deficiency of oxygen

Question 30

thrombus

Answer 30

platelet deposition

Question 31

clot

Answer 31

fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin

Question 32

embolus

Answer 32

foreign body in the blood that travels

Question 33

diapedesis

Answer 33

when neutrophils and monocytes squeeze through the walls of blood vessels

Question 34

chemotaxis

Answer 34

the movement of WBC’s in response to a concentration gradient of a variety of tissue damage products

Question 35

phagocytosis

Answer 35

accomplished by neutrophils and macrophages

Question 36

Chancroid

Answer 36

Venereal disease caused by Hemophilus ducrey which is a gram negative coccobacillus. Causes soft, painful chancre