PATHOLOGY Flashcards
What are substances related whit intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (2) ?
Proapototic BAX/BAK
Anti apoptotic Bcl-2 (inhibit Apaf-1 which activate caspases)
What are substances related whit extrinsic pathway of apoptosis (2) ?
Pro apoptotic:
- FasL to Fas receptor (produce FADD ✅caspases)
- Perforin and granzyme ✅caspases
What type of cells are or susceptible ischemia at the brain?
Pyramidal cells of hippocampus
Purkinje cells at cerebellum
What mediators are implicated in angiogenesis?
FGF
TGF-Beta
VEGF
What mediator is implicated in activation of platelets , macrophages , fibroblast?
PDGF
Want is the function of TNF Alfa?
Maintain the granuloma
Explain phases of wound healing (3)
Inflammatory. Platelets, neutrophils, macrophages
(up to 3 days after wound) :
Proliferative Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, macrophages(day 3–weeks after wound):
Remodeling Fibroblasts(1 week–6+ months after wound):
What are granulomatous diseases? (14)
Bartonella henselae
BerylliosisChurg-Strauss syndromeCrohn disease
Foreign bodiesFrancisella tularensisFungal infections
Wegener
Listeria monocytogenesM. leprae M. tuberculosis
Treponema pallidum (3° syphilis)
Sarcoidosis A
Schistosomiasis
What’s lipofuscin ?
Related whit aging oxidation and polymerization of membranes
LIPID PEROXIDATION !!!!!
What type of amyloidosis are? (6)
AL primary Ig light chain chronic diseases
AA secondary Amyloid A. Inflammatory diseases
Dialysis Beta 2 micro globulin
Heritable
Age related transterina in myocardium
Organ specific beta amyloid. APP IAPP
What p-glycoprotein MDR1?
Seen in adrenal cell carcinoma or others
Pump out toxins include chemotherapy
What carcinoma and sarcoma means?
Carcinoma: epithelial Origen spreads lymphatic
Sarcoma : mesenchymal Origen spread Hematogenus
What cellular changes are irreversible?(3)
Anaplasia
Neoplasia
Desmoplasia
What molecules acts in clachexia?
TNF Alfa cachetin
IFN gamma
IL-1
IL-6
PSaMMoma bodies
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant mesothelioma
What is metaplasia and displasia?
Metaplasia benign no nuclear atypia
Displasia malignant NUCLEAR ATIPIA
Where are sinthezised serum amyloid A (SAA), protein produced in many sever chronic inflammatory disorders?
LIVER
Physiopatologic cause of I-cell disease?
Deficiency phosphorylation of mannose residues of lysosomal glycoproteins
Which substances are responsible for scar tissue remodeling and contracture?
METALLOPROTEINASES !!!!!
Where fibrin lid necrosis ocurrs? (3)
Vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa)
Malignant hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
What are the principal tumor suppressor genes?(8)
APC/beta catetin BRCA1/BRCA2 DCC MEN1 NF1 NF2 p53 Rb VHL WT1/WT2
Big difference between dysplasia and carcinoma
Reversibility changes
What are proto-oncogenes? (9)
BCR-ABL BRAF HER2/neu (c-erbB2) L-myc N-myc K-RAS RET SIS TGFA
Difference between low grade dysplasia and high grade dysplasia?
low grade dysplasia PART OF THE EPITHELIUM THICKNESS
high grade dysplasia ENTIRE EPITHELIUM THICKNESS
