Pathology Flashcards
What is the differences between type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle fibres?
Type 1: red fibres, large mitochondria and high myoglobin
Type 2: white fibres, small mitochrondria and large motor end plates
What is the typical histological appearance of adult quadriceps?
Checkerboard appearance with no single muscle fibre entirely surrounded by muscle fibres of its own type
What may be indicated by a high CKL?
Dystrophies (200-330 times of normal)
What may be indicated by an intermediate CKL?
Inflammatory myopathy (20-30 times of normal)
What may be indicated by a low CKL?
Neuorgenic disorder (2-5 times of normal)
What are the two broad categories of muscle pathology?
- Those primarily affecting the muscles
- Those affecting muscle due to changes in nerves
What are the main groups of myopathies?
-Muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, congenital myopathies, secondary myopathies, metabolic myopathies
What are the dystrophic changes seen histologically ?
- Variability in muscle fibre size
- Endomysial fibrosis
- Fatty infiltration and replacement
- Myocyte hypertrophy and fibre splitting
- Increased central nuclei
- Segmental necrosis
- Regeneration
- Ring Fibres
Name some Muscular Dystrophies
- Duchenne
- Becker
- Limb girdle
- Fascioscapulohumeral
- Oculopharyngeal
- Myotonic dystrophy
What are the pathological features of muscular dystrophies?
- Destruction of single fibres
- Prolonged
- Regeneration
- Fibrosis
What are inflammatory myopathies and give some examples
- Primary inflammation of muscle
- Infective agents, Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis
Name some neurogenic disorders of muscle
Motor Neurone Disease, Spinal muscular atrophy, Peripheral neuropathies, miscellaneous spinal disorders
Name some disorders of muscle function
Myasthenia Gravis, Rhabdomyolysis
