pathology

Question 1

What’s the most common autosomal recessive disease in the US?

Answer 1

Cystic Fibrosis; almost entirely Caucasian

Question 2

What are the most common organs affected by cystic fibrosis and what are the complications associated with them?

Answer 2

Pancreas-Obstruction of pancreatic duct prevent enzymes from entering small intestine and helping to digest food; malabsorbtion and malnutrition ensues leading to retarded growth. Lead to chronic pancreatitis

Lungs-Hyperviscosisty of bronchial mucous forms into plugs preventing normal respiration and promoting bacterial growth leading to recurrent infections; pneumonia and bronchiectasis.

Intestines- obstruction by dehydrated intestinal contents (meconium), and possible rupture.

Question 3

What is meconium ileus, meconium peritonitis?

Answer 3

I believe the meconium ileus is describing bowel obstruction the latter term is for when the bowl ruptures prior to birth resulting in fetal stool (meconium) escaping into the peritonium causing inflammation (peritonitis)

Question 4

What are some clinical features of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 4

Clubbing

Positive sweat test- pilocarpine to induce if necissary

Question 5

What do all non caseating granulomas have in common?

Answer 5

Epithelioid hystiocytes whose alpha-1 hydroxylase activity increases the amount of active vit D leading to hypercalcemia.

Question 6

How do you distinguish sarcoidosis from berylliosis?

Answer 6

Sarcoidosis- African American females vs beryllium miners or aerospace industry workers. Sarcoidosis also have characteristic asteroid bodies which may seem counterintuitive.

The confusion lies in the fact that both produce non caseating granulomas in the hilar LN, lungs and systemic organs.

Question 7

What’s a saddle thromboembolus?

Answer 7

A thrombus that embolizes to the primary bronchi causing an obstruction.

Question 8

What are lines of Zahn?

Answer 8

histologic finding in PE. Streaking of platelets and RBC? Indicate thrombosis at site of rapid blood flow before death.

Question 9

Characteristic symptom of pleuritis?

Answer 9

sharp stabbing inspiratory chest pain

Question 10

How do suppurative and non-spurative pleuritis differ?

Answer 10

suppurative pleuritis results in fibrosis encasing the entire lung and restricts inspiration.

non-suppurative pleuritis results in the adhesion of the parietal and viseral pleura.