Pathology Flashcards
Discuss major causes (etiologies) of cell injury.
- Hypoxia
a. Too little oxygen
b. Too much oxygen (free radical damage) - Body/tissue Injury
a. Burns
b. Shock
c. Electrical
Describe how cell injury contributes to the pathogenesis of disease.
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Describe major mechanisms of cell injury.
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Identify how the study of morphologic change caused by cell injury explains the whys and
wherefores of signs and symptoms of disease.
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Identify free radicals, how they arise, how they produce cell injury and how the body gets
rid of them.
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Describe how ischemia/hypoxia creates a setting where free radical damage
becomes an important cause of cell injury.
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Compare and contrast necrosis and apoptosis.
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Describe the adaptations associated with chronic injury.
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Identify the major alterations in the cell membrane, mitochondrion and nucleus that
occur during cell injury.
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Describe the four major types of necrosis seen in human disease.
Coagulative Necrosis, Liquefactive Necrosis, Caseous Necrosis, Fat Necrosis
Identify the reversible and irreversible morphologic and biochemical alterations during
hypoxic injury.
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List the complications of in burn injury
- Neurogenic shock, fluid loss
- Infection-Pseudomonas, Staph
- Hypermetabolic state
- Anemia
Exertional Heat Stroke presents with…
- Hot, dry skin
- Usually lactic acidosis (from exercising)
- May lead to ATN, DIC, multi organ fail
Classic Heat Stroke presents with…
- Hot, dry skin
- NO lactic acidosis, but respiratory alkalosis (tachypnea), possibly rhabdomyolosis
- May lead to hypotension, coma. ATN, DIC very uncommon.
Hypothermic injury
- May lead to coma, death. Metabolism in the brain is inadequate.
- Freezing of cells, local concentrations of salt to markedly increase
- Poor perfusion of tissues-vasoconstriction, increased viscosity of blood.
