Pathology 2 Flashcards
1) Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause ototoxicity? A) Amoxicillin B) Kanamycin C) Cephalexin D) Cefpodoxime
B) Kanamycin
2) A 25-year-old woman complains of pain and swelling around and inside both her ears a few days after swimming in a nearby rural lake. Which of the following is she most likely to have? A) Mastoiditis B) Cholesteatoma C) Otitis externa D) Otitis media
C) Otitis externa
3) A 36-year-old man complains that "the world is spinning around him" after getting up from bed. This happens randomly and each time this happens, the sensation lasts for about 2 minutes. He does not drink alcohol and denies any other symptoms or any recent infection. What should we treat him with? A) Epley manoeuvre B) Aspirin C) Paracetamol D) Ibuprofen
A) Epley manoeuvre
4) A man with pulmonary oedema secondary to heart failure is given a diuretic. After a few weeks, he complains of difficulty hearing, especially higher-pitched sounds. What could have been the diuretic he was prescribed? A) Acetazolamide B) Eplerenone C) Triamterene D) Furosemide
D) Furosemide
5) A 60-year-old woman complains of tinnitus and gradual hearing loss in her left ear, along with problems balancing. Rinne's test is positive in both ears, whereas Weber's test localizes to the right. It is also found that she has decreased sensation over the left side of her face as compared to the right. What might she have? A) Presbycusis B) Trauma to tympanic membrane C) Vestibular schwannoma D) Conductive hearing loss
Vestibular schwannoma
6) Which of the following bacteria are most likely to cause otitis media? I: Haemophilus influenzae II: Streptococcus pneumoniae III: Streptococcus pyogenes IV: Streptococcus mutans V: Moraxella catarrhalis
A) I and II only
B) I, II, III and V only
C) II, III and IV only
D) all the above
B) I, II, III and V only
7) According to NICE guidelines, which of the following is the LEAST appropriate cause of action for managing patients with recurrent acute otitis media?
A) Refer to ENT specialist
B) Take a swab for culture and sensitivity testing
C) Ensuring children who are affected are up to date with immunizations
D) Starting long term prophylactic medications in primary care
D) Starting long term prophylactic medications in primary care
8) Mr A complains of a watery and somewhat smelly discharge coming from his right ear, as well as some hearing loss and headaches. He works at a construction site and has undergone surgery for his eardrums before. Which of the following is Mr A likely to have? A) Cholesteatoma B) Otitis media C) Otitis externa D) Accumulation of earwax
A) Cholesteatoma
9) Which of the following diseases is most likely to cause deafness in childhood? A) Chickenpox B) Mumps C) Common cold D) Infectious mononucleosis
B) Mumps
10) Which of the following most likely explains why meningitis can cause deafness?
A) Pathogens travel along the nerves to the ear
B) Meningitis arises from a throat infection first
C) Perilymph is in direct contact with CSF
D) Coinfection of the ear in addition to meningitis
C) Perilymph is in direct contact with CSF
11) A patient presents with vertigo and unilateral tinnitus. In addition, he also complains that he has difficulty hearing low pitched sounds in the affected ear. Blood tests and MRIs are done but all appear to be normal. Electrocochleography indicates a possibly elevated endolymph pressure in the affected ear. What might this patient have? A) Perforated tympanic membrane B) BPPV C) Meniere's disease D) Presbycusis
C) Meniere’s disease
12) A young man complains of nausea and vomiting over the past 2 days. He also had vertigo, but he states that the vertigo has been improving so far. He has no hearing loss or tinnitus. He has no focal neurological symptoms. The doctor notices some fine horizontal nystagmus in the patient's right eye. The doctor does a head impulse test on the patient and it is found to be positive. What might this patient have? A) Labyrinthitis B) Cerebellar dysfunction C) Raised ICP D) Vestibular neuritis
D) Vestibular neuritis
13) Which of the following anticancer drugs is most likely to be ototoxic? A) Methotrexate B) Cisplatin C) Vincristine D) Doxorubicin
B) Cisplatin
14) According to NICE guidelines, co-amoxiclav is the treatment of choice for acute otitis media. What may we give a patient with otitis media who is allergic to penicillin? A) Erythromycin B) Cefazolin C) Streptomycin D) Gentamicin
A) Erythromycin
15) A woman goes scuba diving when she has the flu. Throughout the dive she feels that her left ear is blocked and when she surfaces, she feels much pain in her left ear. Otoscopy is done, and she is found to have a haematoma behind the tympanic membrane. Which of the following factors contributed to her condition?
I: increased pressure in the middle ear upon ascending
II: increased pressure in the middle ear upon descending
III: decreased Eustachian tube function
IV: inability to equalize pressure in the middle ear
A) II only
B) I, III and IV only
C) II and IV only
D) All of the above
B) I, III and IV only
