Pathology

Question 0

The vagina is between the _______ and the _______.

Answer 0

Bladder and the rectum

Question 1

The vagina is ________ and ________ from the cervix.

Answer 1

Anterior and caudal

Question 2

What is a Gartner’s duct cyst?

Answer 2

Vaginal mass - remnant of mesonephric duct

Question 3

What is the most common congenital abnormality of the female genital tract?

Answer 3

Imperforate hymen

Question 4

Obstruction of the uterus and/or vagina may result in what 3 things?

Answer 4

Accumulation of fluid (hydrometra)
Accumulation of blood (hemotometra)
Accumulation of pus (pyometra)

Question 5

3 things about solid mass of the vagina…

Answer 5

Rare
US not for diagnosis of ca, maybe for staging
Tumor usually vaginal adenocarcinoma or rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 6

Where will you see a vagnial cuff?

Answer 6

Hysterectomy patients

Question 7

What is the normal size of the vaginal cuff?

Answer 7

Less than 2.1 cm

Question 8

Vaginal cuff may be suspicious for __________, or nodule areas due to ___________________ _________.

Answer 8

Malignancy

Postirradiation fibrosis

Question 9

Facts about the posterior cul de sac…

Answer 9

Posterior and inferior reflection if peritoneal cavity
Located between rectum and vagina
Pouch of Douglas
Might have fluid - normal - less than 5 ml can be detected by TVs

Question 10

Pathological fluid in the posterior cul de sac may be associated with what?

Answer 10

Ascites - blood resulting from ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic cyst, or pus from infection

Question 11

What can also occur in the posterior cul de sac?

Answer 11

Pelvic abscesses and hematomas

Question 12

How does the cervix lie?

Answer 12

Posterior to the bladder between lower uterine segment and vaginal canal

Question 13

Where is the cervical canal?

Answer 13

Internal os to external os

Question 14

What are Nabothian Cysts?

Answer 14

Benign cysts in cervix
Chronic inflammatory retention cysts
Results from chronic cervicitis
Asympomatic

Question 15

What is a cervical polyp?

Answer 15

May present clinically with irregular bleeding

Benign condition arises from hyperplastic protrusion of epithelium if endocervix or ectocervix

Chronic inflammatory most likely factor

Question 16

What does a cervical polyp look like and who does it occur in more?

Answer 16

Pedunculated, projecting out of cervix, or broad based

Women in late middle age

Question 17

What is a leiomyomas?

Answer 17

Myoma tumor

Question 18

Small myomas, patients are __________.

As mass enlarges, what might happen?

Answer 18

Asymptomatic

Bladder or bowel obstruction may result

Question 19

What might a myoma look like?

Answer 19

Pedunculated and prolapsed into the vaginal canal

Question 20

What might US do for a myoma?

Answer 20

Determine location and thickness of the stalk

Question 21

What US technique might be used to see a myoma?

Answer 21

Sonohysterography

Question 22

What percentage of leiomyomas occur in the cervix?

Answer 22

A small percent

Question 23

What is a cervical stenosis?

Answer 23

Acquired condition

Obstruction of cervical canal at internal os or external os resulting from
   Radiation therapy
   Previous cone biopsy
   Postmenopausal cervical atrophy
   Chronic infection
   Laser or cryosurgery
   Cervical ca