Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

cardiovascular system > pathology > Flashcards

pathology Flashcards

1
Q

cardiology

A

brand of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of cardiovascular system; physician is a cardiologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiovascular technologist/technician

A

healthcare professional trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including invasive procedures, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

angititis

A

Inflammation of a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

angiospasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bruit

A

A harsh, abnormal sound heard during auscultation over and artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that breaks off from thrombus somewhere else in body and travels through blood vessels until it becomes stuck in a narrow vessel, plugging it up; if it occurs in coronary artery, may result in MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

condition of having excessive levels of lipids (fats), such as cholesterol, in bloodstream; risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

infarct

A

Area of tissue organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following loss of its blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ischemia

A

condition of localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction holding back the circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

murmur

A

a sound, in addition to normal heart sounds, arising from blood flowing through heart; extra sound may or may not indicate a heart abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden blood pressure a person experiences when standing up suddenly; also called postural hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

plaque

A

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery that is hallmark of atherosclerosis; also called an atheroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

regurgitation

A

to flow backward; in cardiovascular system, refers to backflow of blood (returning again) through a valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot forming within vessel; may partially or completely occluded blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

angina pectoris

A

condition in which there is severe pain with sensation of restriction around heart; caused by deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle; commonly called chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cardiac arrest

A

complete stopping of heart activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardial sac; heart becomes unable to pump blood effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

General term for disease of myocardium (heart muscle); can be caused by excessive alcohol use, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure; one of most common reasons of patient may require heart transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

congenital septal defect

A

hole, present at birth, in septum (wall) between two heart chambers; results in mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; can be in atrial septal defect (ASD) and a ventricle septal defect (VSD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

congestive heart failure

A

pathological condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart because the left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to
efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

coronary artery disease

A

insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries; may be caused by atherosclerosis and may cause angina pectoris and myocardial infraction

25
endocarditis
inflammation of lining (inner) membranes of heart; may be due to bacteria or two abnormal immunological response; in bacterial endocarditis, mass of bacteria that forms is referred to as vegetation
26
heart valve prolapse
condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and failed to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through valve when heart chamber contracts; most commonly occurs in mitral valve but may affect any of heart valves; also called heart valve incompetence or heart valve insufficiency
27
heart valve stenosis
condition in which cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff and are unable to open fully (making the opening too narrow for blood to flow through) or shut tightly (allowing blood to flow backward); condition may affect any of heart valves
28
myocardial infarction
condition caused by partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of coronary arteries, resulting in damage to heart muscle; symptoms include squeezing pain or heavy pressure in middle of chest (angina pectoris); delay in treatment could result in death; also referred to as a heart attack
29
myocarditis
Inflammation of muscle layer of heart wall
30
pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardial sac around heart
31
tetralogy of Fallot
combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, and hypertrophy of right ventricle; needs immediate surgery to correct
32
valvulitis
inflammation of a heart valve
33
arrhythmia
irregularity in heartbeat or action; comes in many different forms; may be too fast, too slow, or irregular pattern; some are not serious, whereas others are life-threatening
34
asystole
absence of (without) a heart contraction
35
bradycardia
condition of having a slow heart rate, typically less than 60 beats/minute; highly trained aerobic persons may normally have a slow heart rate
36
bundle branch block
occurs when electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle branches (or bundle of His); results in ventricles beating at different rates than atria; also called a heart block
37
fibrillation
extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal, quivering or contraction of heart fibers; when this occurs ventricles, cardiac arrest in death can occur; emergency equipment to defibrillate, or convert heart to normal beat, is necessary
38
flutter
arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly but in regular pattern
39
premature atrial contraction
arrhythmia in which atria contract earlier (before) than they should
40
sinus rhythm
A normal heart rhythm
41
tachycardia
condition of having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats/minute while at rest
42
aneurysm
Weakness and wall of artery resulting in localized widening of artery; although aneurysm may develop in any artery, common sites include aorta in abdomen and cerebral arteries in brain
43
arteriorrhexis
Ruptured artery; may occur aneurysm rupture arterial wall
44
arteriosclerosis
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries; most often due to arthrosclerosis
45
atheroma
deposit (mass) of fat substance in wall of artery that bulges into a narrows lumen of artery; characteristic of atherosclerosis; also calleda plaque
46
atherosclerosis
Most common form of arteriosclerosis; caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol (fatty substance) on inner walls of arteries
47
coarctation if the aorta
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
48
deep vein thrombosis
Formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the legs; embolus breaking off from this thrombosis would travel to lungs and block blood flow through lungs
49
hemorrhoid
varicose veins in anal region
50
hypertension
blood pressure above normal range (excessive); essential or primary hypertension occurs directly from cardiovascular disease; secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure resulting from another disease such as kidney disease
51
hypotension
Decrease in (insufficient) blood pressure; can a current shock, infection, cancer, and anemia or as death approaches
52
patent ductus arteriosus
congenital heart anomaly in which fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta, the ductus arteriosus, fails to close at birth; this allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; condition may be treated with medication and resolve with time; however, in some cases, surgery is required
53
peripheral vascular disease
any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels, outside heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulse
54
phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
55
polyarteritis
Inflammation of several (many) arteries
56
raynaud phenomenon
period ischemic attacks, affecting extremities of body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful; attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress
57
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein resulting in formation of blood clots within vein
58
varicose veins
swollen and dilated veins, usually in legs

cardiovascular system (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions