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Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Erythematous-yellow, greasy base, with extensive scaling and crusting dandruff, follicular lipping,

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1
Q

Psoriasis

A

Salmon-plaques-silvery white scales (Koebner Phenomenon), test tubes in a rack appearance, auspitz signs, Munro microabscess

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2
Q

Lichen Planus

A

Pruritic,purple,polygonal,planar papules and plaques, itchy,violaceous, flat-topped papules (wickham striae), interface dermatitis, sawtoothing, civatte or colloid bodies and lichen planopilaris.

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3
Q

Granulomatous Uveitis (uvea)

A

Sarcoidosis (complication), mutton-fat keratin precipitates ant segment, candle wax dripping post segment.

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4
Q

Impetigo

A

Mauled and pustules - honey-colored crusts, imp contangiosa-GABHS; PSGN complication; imp bullosa, staph aureus. Sub corneal pustule beneath stratum corneum

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5
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Arteriolosclerosis, copper wiring, silver wiring, cotton-wool spots, focal choroidal infarcts (elschnig pearls), DM retinopathy

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6
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

Hollenhorst plaques, cherry red spots in macula

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7
Q

Age-related macular degeneration

A

Irreversible blindness; “drusen” yellow deposits in macula; choroidal neovascularization

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8
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Asst w/ “Refsum disease”
apoptosis of rods and cones
Waxy pallor of the optic disk
Early night blindness

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9
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Most common 1 intra-ocular malignancy in children
Most common presentation is leukocoria
“Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosettes

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10
Q

Papilledema

A

Optic nerve swelling inc ICP

Blurred disk borders on fundoscopy

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11
Q

Fibroadenoma

Breast

A

Most common Popcorn calcification

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12
Q

Phylloides tumor

Breast

A

Bulky tumor from tumor cells

Leaf-like extensions

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13
Q

Intraductal papilloma

Breast

A

Most common “bloody nipple discharge” <50

Develop in lactiferous ducts or sinuses

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14
Q

Lobular CIS

Breast

A

Dyscohesive cells w/ oval or round nuclei and small nucleoli

Lack-protein adherin

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15
Q

Invasive ducktail carcinoma

Breast

A 
Most common type of Breast Ca (70%)
Grating sound (like cutting a water chestnut)
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16
Q

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Breast

A

Most common cause of bilateral breast cancer

Signet ring cells in Indian file pattern

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17
Q

Medullary carcinoma

Breast

A

Fleshy mass with syncytium sheets of large cells with vesicular, pleomorphic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli

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18
Q

Mucinous carcinoma

Breast

A

Soft/rubbery mass

“Pale gray-blue gelatin”

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19
Q

Inflammatory breast cancer

A 
P'eau de orange
Worst prognosis
High degree and aneuploidy
Tumor emboli
Persistent e-cadherin nuclei
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20
Q

Uteropelvic Junction Obstruction

Kidney

A

Most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children
Left ureter
Bilateral in infants/unilateral in adults

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21
Q

Methysergide (ergot derivative)

A

Anti migraine drug to cause peritoneal fibrosis

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22
Q

Acute cystitis

Kidney

A

Triad: dysuria, suprapubic pain, frequency (q15-20mins)
Suppurative neutrophilic infiltration
Hyperemic bladder with exudation

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23
Q

Acute bacterial cystitis

Kidney

A

Most common bacteria: PEEK

Proteus, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella

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24
Interstitial cystitis (hunner ulcer)
Inflammation and fibrosis Glomerulations Mast cells
25
Malacoplakia
E. coli; soft, yellow mucosal plaques | Large foamy macrophages (machaelis-gutmann bodies)
26
Urothelial CA in situ
Pagetoid spread | Mucosal thickening w/o intra luminal mass
27
Reiter syndrome
Conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
28
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord "Bell-clapper deformity" Hemorrhagic testicular infarction
29
Yolk sac tumor Testis
Lace-like cell network Homogenous,yellow-white,mutinous appearance "Schiller duval bodies" A-feto protein, A1-anti trypsin
30
Teratoma
Hester-skeeter collection Malignant transformation Painless enlargement of the testis Para-aortic>mediastinal>supraclavicular
31
Leydig cell tumor
Crystalloids of Reinke
32
Sertoli cell tumor
Crystalloids charcot-bottcher
33
Testicula lymphoma
Most common form of testicular neoplasms in men over 60 years of age.
34
Acute bacterial prostatitis
E. coli; (-), intraprostatic of urine,lymphohematogenous routes Fever,chills,dysuria DRE: prostate exquisitely tender and boggy
35
Chronic bacterial cystitis
Low back pain, dysuria, perineal and suprapubic discomfort | Recurrent UTI's caused by the same organism
36
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Peri urethral transition zone Median lobe hyper trophy Modular hyperplasia- hallmark finding -- due to actions of dihydrotestosterone(hyperplasia of stromatolites cells
37
Prostate adenocarcinoma
Most common form of cancer in men Tied w/colorectal cancer Acinar variant (70%cases) Posterior peripheral zone
38
Pelvic inflammatory disease | Female genital
Turbo-ovarian abscesses, pyosalphinx Comp: follicular salphigitis & hydrosalphynx leading to infertility/ectopic pregnancy "Violin-string adhesions in fitz Hugh-Curtis syndrome Bacteremia
39
Bartholin cyst | Vulva
Perineal pain, local discomfort | Marsupial inaction
40
Lichen sclerosis | Vulva
Aka chronic atrophic vulvitis 4 cardinal: thinning with rete pegs, hydrophilic degen of basal cells, collage nous fibrous tissue and lymphocytic Vaginal dryness,stiffening and constriction.
41
Lichen simplex chronicus | Vulva
Aka: sq. hyperplasia, hyperplastic dystrophy Epith. thickening, exp stratum granulosum,hyperkeratosis Leukoplakia
42
Keratinizing SCCA, vulva | Vulva
Nest and tongues of malignant squamous cells with prominent "keratin pearls" Not asst with HPV
43
Papillary hidradenoma | Vulva
Circumscribed nodule-labia majora | Identical to Intraductal papilloma a of the breast
44
Condyloma acuminata | Vulva
HPV 6 & 11 Koilocytic atypia Not precancerous lesions
45
Septate vagina
Failure fusion of Müllerian ducts Uterus didelphys In utero exposure to DES
46
Vaginal adenosis
Red, granular areas contrasting with normal mucosa Columnar mutinous epith May progress to clear celladenocarcinoma of the vagina
47
Gartner duct cyst | Vagina
Derived from wolfian (mesonephric) duct | Submucosal fluid filled cyst
48
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Aka: sarcoma botryoides | Grape-like clusters
49
Cervical cancer
HPVs infect immature cells at sq columnar junction Koilocytic atypia E6 and E7 proteins-involve in RD inactivation
50
Endometriosis
``` Chocolate cyst (red-blue, yellow-brown) Infertility most common presentation ```
51
Adenomyosis
Endometrial tax within the uterine wall Irregular nests of endometrial stroma Menometrorrhagia (irreg and heavy menses)
52
Endometrial hyperplasia
Asst with prolonged estrogen stimulation of the endometrium | Invariably leads to endometrial adenocarcinoma
53
Endometrial carcinoma
Most common invasive CA in female genital Peak 55-65 y/o With signs of stromal invasion.
54
Myoma uteri
Most common benign tumor in women "Whirled pattern of smooth muscle bundles" Degeneration-red or corneus, hyaline,myxomatos, calcific, cystic, catty
55
PCOS
Aka: stein-leventhal syndrome, numerous cystic follicles or follicle cyst. Thickened,fibrotic superficial cortex w/ innumerable follicle cysts (follicular hyperthecoses)
56
Serous tumors, ovaries
Psamomma bodies | Using Sassone and Lerner criteria
57
Mutinous tumors, ovary
Multiloculated tumors filled with sticky, gelatinous fluid rich in glycoproteins
58
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
Rupture of mucinous tumors
59
Brenner tumor, ovary
Sharply demarcated nests of epithelial cells (walthard cells rests)
60
Mature teratoma
Aka: dermoid cyst Most common ovarian GCT Cyst containing hair & cheesy sebaceous materials Malignant transformation
61
Monodermal or specialized tearatomas
Strums ovarii-hyperthyroidism Ovarian Carcinoid-produces serotonin & carcinoid synd. Stromal carcinoid-combination of struma ovarii and ovarian carcinoid
62
Dysgerminoma
Ovarian counterpart of Seminoma Unilateral 80-90%, polyhedral cells w scant fibrous stroma Malignant but only 1/3 are aggressive
63
Yolk sac tumor
Rich in A-fetoprotein & A1 antitrypsin | Glomerulus-like structure (Schiller-duval bodies)
64
Granulosa cell tumor
Elaborate large amount of estrogen Glan-like structure ("call-exner bodies") Tumor marker:inhibin
65
Meig syndrome Fibrous and thecomas
Ovarian tumor Hydrothorax Ascites
66
Androblastoma
Musculinization | Sertoli cells or leydig cells interspersed with stroma
67
Krukenberg tumor
Bilateral metastasis Mucin producing, signet ring cancer cells Gastric in origin
68
Ectopic pregnancy
Ampulla-most common site Prior pelvic inflammatory disease-most common predisposing factor Morp: hematosalphynx
69
Placenta previa
Placental implants very near to the cervical os Partial, marginal, total, low-lying Painless vaginal bleeding during the 3rd trimester
70
Placental abruption
Premature separation due too retroperitoneal clot RF: Hypertension, smoking cocaine addiction Painful vaginal bleeding during 3rd trimester
71
Placenta accreta
Partials or complete absence of fibrinoid layer (Nitabach layer) Attached-accreta Invades-increta Penetrates-percreta
72
Placental infections
``` Comp: PROM Grp B pathogens most common pathogen TORCHES Morp: greenish opaque and membranes, dense band like exudate a on amniotic surface Comp:neonatal sepsis and meningitis ```
73
Pre eclampsia
Hypertension Edema Proteinuria Usually begins at 32nd weeks AOG
74
Eclampsia
Pre eclampsia with convulsions
75
Hydatidiform mole GTD
Grape-like structures Circumferential trophoblast proliferation Extra villus islands Tumor marker: b-HCG
76
Invasive mole GTD
Morp: invasion of the myometrium by hydrophic chorionic villi Hematogenous
77
Choriocarcinoma GTD
Mixed proliferationsof syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast Invasion of underlying myometrium Most commonly metastasize to lung and vagina
78
Placental site trophoblast tumor GTD
Intermediate trophoblast | Malignant trophoblastic cells diffusely infiltrating the myometrium
79
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Campy jejuni infxn Ascending motor paralysis Aminocytologic dissociation
80
Spinal Muscular Dystrophy
Aka: infantile motor neuron disease Ant. Horn cell destruction SMN1 Panfascicular
81
Myotonic dystrophy
CTG trinucleotide repeats Morp: Subsarcolemmal band of cytoplasm (ring fiber) Sarcoplasmic mass
82
Mitochondrial myopathies
Proximalk muscle weakness MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial enceph, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes), Ragged red fibers-irreg fibers w/ subsarcolemmal Parking lot inclusions
83
Dermatomyositis
Heliotrope rash | Gottron lesions
84
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bone disease Type 1 collagen def Most common inherited Blue sclerae
85
Osteopetrosis
Aka: marble bone disease, Albers Schöenberg dse. Impaired function of osteoclasts Absence of medullary canal "Erlenmeyer flask deformity"
86
Osteoporosis
Post menauposal-thin, perforated trabecular plates w/ loss interconnections Senile-thin cortex, widened haversian systems
87
Paget's disease
Aka: osteitis deformans Mosaic pattern-jigsaw puzzle appearance Leontiasis ossea, platybasia "Chakstick-typen fracture"
88
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteitis fibrosa cystica or Von recklinghausen disease of bone. Dissecting osteitis Brown tumor
89
Osteonecrosis
Avascular necrosis "Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease" in children Creeping substition
90
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
Staph aureus most common cause | Salmonella patients with sickle cell diasease
91
Osteomyelitis
Subperiosteal abscesses with draining sinus | Sequestrum, involucrum, Brodie abscess
92
Osteoid osteoma
Nidus formation, hemorrhagic gritty tan tissue
93
Osteosarcoma
Most common malignant bone tumor Most common location-metaphysis of long bone Lace-like pattern, Colman triangles and sunburst appearance
94
Chondroblastoma
Chicken wire pattern 2nd most common malignant bone tumor Anaplastic chondrocytes
95
Fibrous dysplasia
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with cafe au lait spots and endocrinopathies (mc-cune Albright syndrome)-precocious puberty
96
Ewing sarcoma
Mutation in EWS gene on chrom#22 Homer-right rosettes Onin-skin appearance
97
Giant cell tumor
Aka: osteoclastoma | Mutations in RANK/RANKL signaling pathway
98
Degenerative osteoarthritis
Mushroom-shaped outgrowths (osteophytes) DIP: heberden nodes PIP: Bouchard nodes Joint mice, eburnated
99
Rheumatoid arthritis
Panus formation | Rheumatoid nodules
100
Ankylosing spondylitis
Asst with HLA-B27 | bamboo spine deformity
101
Reiter syndrome
Aka: reactive arthritis, shige,salmo,yersi,campy,chlamy Triad: uveitis, urethritis,arthritis Balanitis circinata, keratoderma blenorrhagica
102
Psoriatic arthritis
Sausage-shaped DIP | Pencil in cup deformity
103
Gout
Acute gouty arthritis-crystallization of urates Chronic gouty arthritis-tophi (-)bifringent, (+)podagra
104
Transtentorial herniation
CNIII compression Kernohan's notch Duret hemorrhages
105
Epidural hematoma
Arterial bleed (bone and dura), frax of temporotemporal bone (ptyrion) Middle menigeal artery CT scan: lenticular shaped lesion Lucid interval
106
Subdural hematoma
Venous bleeding (dura and arachnoid) Bridging veins CT scan: crescent shape lesions Delayed, fluctuating levels of consciousness, Subdural memb.

Pathology (24 decks)

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