pathology

Question 1

define atrophy

Answer 1

shrinkage in the size of cells due to a loss of cell substance

Question 2

define hypertrophy

Answer 2

increase in the size of cells and a consequent increase in the size of the organ

Question 3

define hyperplasia

Answer 3

increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

Question 4

define metaplasia

Answer 4

irreversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type e.g. barratt’s oesophagus

Question 5

define apoptosis

Answer 5

cell death where cell contents is still contained. no surrounding damage

Question 6

define necrosis

Answer 6

cell death where cell contents spill out. leads to surrounding tissue damage

Question 7

name some causes of cell injury

Answer 7

hypoxia
trauma
microbial
immunological
chemical

Question 8

compare apoptosis vs necrosis

Answer 8

cell size:
apoptosis - reduced
necrosis - increased

plasma membrane:
apoptosis - intact
necrosis - disrupted

nearby inflammation:
apoptosis - never
necrosis - almost always

physiological/ pathological:
apoptosis - physiological but may be pathological
necrosis - pathological

nucleus is fragmented in apoptosis, not in necrosis

Question 9

name the types of necrosis

Answer 9

coagulative
colliquative
caseous
gangrenous
fat