Pathology Flashcards
What are the 5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation?
Redness (rubor)
Swelling (tumour)
Heat (calor)
Pain (dolor)
Loss of Function (functio laesa)
What are the four key stages of acute inflammation?
Vasodilation
Increased vessel permeability
Fluid exudation
Neutrophil migration
What is exudate?
Protein-rich fluid
What attracts neutrophils to the site of injury?
Chemotaxis
What are the four stages of neutrophil migration?
Margination - cells line up against the endothelium
Rolling - close contact with and roll along the endothelium
Adhesion - connecting to endothelial wall
Emigration - cells move through vessel wall to affected area
What are the four possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
Complete resolution
Fibrosis and scar formation
Chronic inflammation
Formation of an abcess
Primary cell involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Where are neutrophil (polymorph)s made?
Bone marrow
What is the lifespan of a neutrophil?
2-3 days
Neutrophils are capable of _ and contain _
Phagocytosis & lysosomes
What is the lifespan of a macrophage?
Months to years
What is the role of macrophages in inflammation?
Phagocytose debris
Transport material to lymph nodes
Presentation of material to lymphocytes to induce secondary response
What are macrophages in the liver called?
Kupffer cells
What are macrophages in the bone called?
Osteoclasts
What are macrophages in the brain called?
Microglial cells
What is the lifespan of a lymphocyte?
Years
Which lymphocytes produce antibodies?
B lymphocyte plasma cells
What are the role of fibroblasts in inflammation?
Produce collagenous connective tissue in scarring
Examples of Granulomas:
TB
Leprosy
Chron’s
Sarcoidosis
Examples of Acute Inflammation:
Acute appendicitis
Frostbite
Streptococcal sore throat
Examples of Chronic Inflammation:
TB
Glandular fever
