PATHOLOGY

Question 1

APC tumor suppressor present o

Answer 1

long arm of
chromosome 5

Question 2

Function of APC tumor suppressor gene

Answer 2

1 Negatively regulates the WNT pathway
2 which degrades Beta catenin

Question 3

Classification of polyps?

Answer 3

1Non-neoplastic:
o Hamartomatous
o Metaplastic
2 Inflammatory:
o Pseudopolyps
o Ulcerative colitis
3 Neoplastic:
o Villous (40%)
o Tubulovillous (20%)
o Tubular (5%)

Question 4

Extracolonic manifestations in the related gardener syndrome?

Answer 4

•Mandibular osteoma
• Desmoid tumors
• Sebaceous cyst

Question 5

Management of FAP

Answer 5

Colonoscopic screening by the age of 12
proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch formation by 25 years

Question 6

Colonoscopy age for children of FAP

Answer 6

Colonoscopic screening by the age of 12

Question 7

what drug used for steroid refractory IBD

Answer 7

Monoclonal IgG1 antibody to TNF- α
•Infliximab
• Adalimumab
• Certolizumab

Question 8

Role of TNF in IBD

Answer 8

increase tight junctions
permeability which increase the flux of
luminal bacterial

Question 9

When to use Monoclonal IgG1 antibody to TNF- α
for Ul cerative colitis

Answer 9

1. Steroid resistant
2. Extra intestinal manifestation

Question 10

which IBD is more likely to cause cancer

Answer 10

U lcerative Colitis

Question 11

Rx of cancer 2° to UC

Answer 11

Total colectomy

Question 12

Adenoma carcinoma sequence

Answer 12

1. Loss of APC (tumor suppressor gene) → hyperplasia
   2- K-RAS (oncogene) mutation → dysplasia
   3- Loss of p 53 (tumor suppressor gene) → adenocarcinoma

Question 13

Function of P53 gene

Answer 13

DNA damage and other stress signals may trigger the increase of p53 proteins, which have three major functions: growth
arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis (cell death).

Question 14

Function of KRAS

Answer 14

The KRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras that is part of a signaling pathway known as the
RAS/MAPK pathway.

Question 15

Definition of FAP?

Answer 15

Autosomal dominant condition characterized by loss
of APC tumor suppressor gene

Question 16

Which
1 type of polyp has greatest chance to convert to cancer
2 Size

Answer 16

Villous
>1.5cm

Question 17

Extraintestinal manifestation of
inflammatory bowel disease:

Answer 17

A PIE SAC
• Aphthous ulcers
• Pyoderma gangrenosum
• Iritis
• Erythema nodosum
• Sclerosing cholangitis
• Arthritis
• Clubbing

Question 18

multiple hamartomatous polyps in which disease

Answer 18

Peutz Jegher Syndrome

Question 19

Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis) is

Answer 19

Inflammatory disease of LARGE AND MEDIUM blood vessels of the
head, neck andd arms, mainly branches of ECA.

Question 20

Temporal Arteritis mainly affects which part of vessel

Answer 20

Tunica Media

Question 21

Classic lesion of Temporal Arteritis

Answer 21

medial granulomatous inflammation centered on the internal elastic lamina that produce
elastic lamina fragmentation.

Question 22

Which cells are involved in Temporal Arteritis

Answer 22

T Cells and macrophages

Question 23

Initial vs confirmatory test for GCA

Answer 23

ESR
Temporal artery biopsy

Question 24

Why blindness in GCA

Answer 24

Due to ophthalmic artery invlovemwnt
Inflammation of it. It’s known as Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION).

Question 25

Treatment of GCA

Answer 25

prednisolone 60mg/d PO immediately or IV methylprednisolone
For 2 YEARS

Question 26

X ray of mesothelioma shows

Answer 26

Pleural plaque

Question 27

What are Pleural plaque

Answer 27

Most common manifestation of asbestos exposure, are well-circumscribed plaques of dense collagen
that are often calcified

Question 28

Small cell vs adenocarcinoma of lungs and smoking

Answer 28

Adenocarcinoma is most common in non smokers
Small CC is most common in smokers

Question 29

If mets of cancer then how to check epithelial origin

Answer 29

Immunohistochemistry

Question 30

If EGF positive tumor then which medicine to give

Answer 30

TKI (Imatinib)

Question 31

Most common paraneoplastic syndromes are:

Answer 31

1 Hypercalcemia
2 Cushing syndrome and
3 Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Question 32

Which cancer are most commonly associated with Paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 32

Lung
Breast
Hematological

Question 33

How to label the sputum specimens for TB

Answer 33

Category-B UN3373

Question 34

Which mycobacterium causes disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients

Answer 34

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAC)

Question 35

What are the culture media for mycobacteria?

Answer 35

• Solid media: Lowenstein Jensen media, Middlebrook media
• Liquid media: BACTEC/MIGT (mycobacteria growth indicator tube)

Question 36

Culture time for Mycobacterium TB

Answer 36

1 to 8 weeks

Question 37

Most common type of hyperplasia in MEN I syndrome

Answer 37

Chief Cell Hyperplasia and it is diffuse or multinodular.

Question 38

Three gene mutation in Insulinoma

Answer 38

1. MEN-1
2. PTEN and TSC2
3. ATRX and DAXX

Question 39

Which type of mutation in PTEN and PSC2 in Insulinoma

Answer 39

Loss of function mutation of Tumor suppressor gene
This results in mTOR signal pathway activation

Question 40

Which type of mutation in ATRX and DAXX gene

Answer 40

Inactivation mutation
They are responsible for telomere maintenance