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BS1 Module 3 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

White sponge nevus cause, effects

A

Mutations in cytokeratins 4 or 13

Innocuous, leukoplakia

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2
Q

Pachyonychia Congenita causes, effects

A

Mutations in CKT 6, 16, 17

Leukoplakia, thickened skin (acral skin) and thick nailbeds, innocuous

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3
Q

General info: Epidermolysis Bullosa causes, effects

A

Connection between epidermis and CT severed.

Lifethreatening, skin cant heal, low lifespan

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4
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris causes, effects

A

Desmoglein 3 (desmosome deffect)

Blisters everywhere, skin peeling

Suprabasilar cleavage: basal cells still touching CT

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5
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus causes, effects

A

Demsoglien 1 (desmosome) defects

Suprabasilar cleavage: basal cells still touching CT

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6
Q

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid and bullous pemphigoid

A

Both caused by BP230 and 180, hemidesmosome mutations.

Mucous: mucosa
Bullous: skin

Sub basilar cleavage: basal cells not touching CT

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7
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: simplex

A

Simple: KRT 5 or 14, or plectin. Most mild

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8
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: junctional

A

XJunctional: Col XVII, int a6b4, laminin 332. Most severe, Amel. Imp

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9
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Dystrophic

A

Dystrophic: Col VII, risk of skin/oral cancer

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10
Q

Different kinds of Epidermolysis Bullosa: Kindler

A

Kindler: effects all layers

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11
Q

Causes, effects of scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C, cant make collagen 1

Periodontal inflammation, lose teeth, bleeding

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12
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

Genetically and clinically heterogeneous

Insufficient collagen, issues 1,3,5

Stretchy skin, double jointed

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13
Q

Cutis Laxa

A

Elastin defect, saggy non stretchable skin

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14
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

Fibrillin Defect

Tall slender. Long arms, arched palate, aortic rupture

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15
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Developmental, tongue tied, short lingual frenulum

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16
Q

Leukoedema (trick question)

A

Not pathology, just variation of normal. Grey mucosa, disappears when stretched

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17
Q

Fordyce granules

A

Ectopic sebaceous glands

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18
Q

Geographic tongue, aka erythema migrans (trick q)

A

Variation of normal, splotches on tongue. Atrophy filiform papillae

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19
Q

Fissure tongue, trick

A

Ridges, normal

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20
Q

Hairy tongue

A

Filiform papillae overgrown

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21
Q

Ectodermal dysplasia info

A

Heterogeneous generic issues with epithelium.

Most common: X-linked hypohidrotic ED, EDA gene.

AD: p63 gene mutation

Hypothrichosus(no hair), abnormal nails, hypohidrosis (no sweat)

Dental agenesis: hypodontia, oligodontia

22
Q

Warts

A

HPV

23
Q

Herpes

A

Cold sore

24
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common cancer
Erythroplakia, dark spots

25
Q

Hirsutism

A

Too much hair

26
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Genetic disease, way too much hair, werewolves

27
Q

Lichen planus

A

Lichen growing on nails, lines/peeling

28
Q

Plummer-vinson syndrome

A

Nail beds flat/bend wrong. SEVERE iron defiiciency

29
Q

MC1R variations

A

MC1R is receptor for melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH)

MC1R polymorphism = freckles

MC1R mutations (A.R. Inheritance): less eumelanin, red hair, UV sensitive.

30
Q

Oral melanotic macule

A

Dark spot on lip, not from sun.

More melanin, not more melanocytes

31
Q

Nevus

A

A mole, less than 5mm

32
Q

Melanoma and criteria

A

Dysplastic nevi, too many nevi

A = asymmetry
B = Border, irregular
C = color uneven
D = Diameter >6mm
E = enlargement

33
Q

Melasma

A

Irregular skin pigment on sun exposed face

34
Q

Vitiligo

A

Autoimmune loss of melanin

35
Q

Adrenocortical insufficiency

A

Addison disease

MSH comes from ACTH

Adrenal dysfunction, ACTH accumulates, diffuse pigmentation in skin and mucosa

36
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma

A

Enlarged red mass
Highly aggressive

Merkel cell polyomavirus

37
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Kids cant go in sun. Genetically heterogeneous, but basically disruption in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), meaning UV damage is not repaired.

UV sensitive, high rate of skin and lip cancer, and neural and eye issues

38
Q

Pathological Effects of sunlight on lips

A

Loss of vermillion border (solar elastosis)

Actinic cheilitis: white and red lips, bumpy

Cancer: sun >smoking in lip cancer

Herpes: cold sores

39
Q

Pathological effects of sun on skin

A

Sunburn: blister, peeling

Solar lentigo: liver spots

Premature aging

Actinic keratosis: precancerous red spots

Cancer

40
Q

Histopathology of sun exposure

A

Acanthosis: thick stratum spinosum

Hyperkeratosis: thick stratum superficiale

Melanosis: hyper melanin production

Solar elastosis: abnormal elastic, thicker white spots in CT

41
Q

Primary Sjögren syndrome

A

aka Sicca syndrome

Xerodromia, xeropthalmia (dry eyes)

Autoimmune, anti-salivary gland

Parotid gland enlargement

42
Q

Secondary Sjögren

A

Everything in sicca syndrome aand also other autoimmune issues

43
Q

Sialorrhea

A

Excessive salivation. Anesthetic, denture, C.Palsy, jaw issue, acid reflux, rabies, heavy metal pisoning

44
Q

Mandibulofacial dysostosis

A

Treacher-Collins Syndrome: decreased rRNA

Cranio facial issues

No parotid gland

45
Q

Mucocele

A

Swollen bubble: rupture of salivary duct, often lower lip (trauma?)

46
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

Salivary stones, usually submandibular

47
Q

Acute bacterial sialadenitis

A

Means inflammation of salivary gland. Cant eat, swelling

48
Q

Mumps

A

Epidemic parotitis

Very contagious, all excretions infected. Bilateral parotid swelling

49
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A

Benign salivary gland tumor

50
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

Most common malignant salivary tumor
A) parotid
B) minor glands

BS1 Module 3 (1 decks)

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