Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

contact lenses > pathology > Flashcards

pathology Flashcards

1
Q
A

What is it?

Acanthamoeba

Parasite that lives in the water

Cause?

Referal?

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

What is it?

Aniridia

Iris is missing/ absent.

  • Px has sever photophobia
  • Blurry vision
  • Large pupil/ no iris

Cause?

Congenital / Trauma

Referal?

depends

CL?

Opaque scleral lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

What is it?

Aqueous Flare

Presence of white or red blood cells in
aqueous humor.

Cause?

Uveitis

Iritis

Referral?

Should already be in medical care

CL?

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Arcuate Abrasion

Arc shaped staining on cornea aka SMILE

Cause?

Improper fit of RCP and soft lens

Referral /CL?

Scarring deep enough refer

Superficial staining- remove lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

What is it?

Arcus Senilis

White/Grey/ yellow ring around the corneal margin

(limbus)

Mostly seen in the elderly.

Will not go away.

Cause?

Aging

Fatty deposits

High Cholesterol

Referral?

No

CL?

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A

What is it?

Bullous keratopathy / Corneal Bullae

Edema with a blister like formation effecting
epithelial layer.

Cause?

Surgery

Aging

Referal?

Yes

CL?

Therapeutic Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A

What is it?

Conjunctivitis Follicles

Papules raised

found the loxer conjuctival fornix

Cause?

virus of the conjunctiva

Referal?

yes

CL?

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A

What is it?

Chemosis

• Swelling of conjunctival

tissue

• Allergic reaction (to

atmosphere/ chemical /

medicine)

Causes?

  • Rubbing of eyes
  • Viral Infection
  • Red Eye
  • Foreign body sensation
  • Tearing

Referral / CL?

Yes, no contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

Corneal deturgescence

The state of relative dehydration of the stroma maintained by the normal

intact cornea thus allowing corneal transparency.

Endothelium pumps out excess water to prevent edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

What is it?

Corneal Guttata

Endothelium degeneration- increased corneal
thickening and endothelial cell size.

Cause?

Age

Hypoxia

No CL until clear

Referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

What is it?

Corneal infiltrates

Collection of white blood cells found in stroma.

Cause?

Hypoxia

Overwear Cl

Infection / inflammation/ Trauma

Referal?

Yes

CL?

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

What is it?

Corneal Microcysts

Seen in basement membrane of cornea as tiny
white spots.
(Cyst filled with fluid.)

Cause?

Hypoxia

overwear of CL

sleep in lens

poor hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A

What is it?

Corneal ulcer

Erosion or open sore on cornea

Cause?

B V P F

CL solution contamination /CL abuse

Bad hygiene

Referal?

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A

What is it?

corneal vascularization

Blood vessels in the cornea / limbal reddness

contact lens intolerance

Cause?

Anoxia

Hypoxia

overwear of cl

sleep in contact lens

Referral

Depending

CL?

remove or reduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

What is it?

Dacryocystitis

Inflamed bump on the inner corner of lower lid

pain redness, swelling

Cause?

swelling / infection/ discharge

infection of lacrimal sac

injury

Referral

Yes

CL?

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

What is it?

Dellen

Localized thinning of the cornea due to

desiccation

PX presents with pain, watery eyes,

vascularization, cl intolerance

Cause?

Corneal dryness

GP lens always rubbing in the edge of limbus

injury / disease

Referral?

Yes

CL?

needs heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

What is it?

Dendritic Ulcer - very painful

Cause?

Herpes simplex virus

Epithelim breakdown

Referal?

Yes - emergency

CL?

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A

What is it?

Dermoid cyst

Cyst (composed of stratified squamous cells, tissue,

bone, vascular structures, tissue etc)

Usually found at the inferior temporal quadrant of

the corneal limbus

Congenital defect

Referral?

Yes

CL?

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ectasia

A

Thinning/ stretching of corneal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

What is it?

Corneal Edema

Cloudy cornea / swollen cornea (water retention)

Cause?

Poor hygiene

Disease or trauma

Tight RGP

not enough oxygen getting to cornea

Referral?

Yes

CL?

remove from CL

Cahnge to hight dk and refit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

What is it?

Endothelial Blebs

Dark spots on the corneal endothelial

Cause?

contact lens use

hypoxia

CL?

no conatcts

reduce wear time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

What is it?

Endothlium bedewing

Depositis on the surface of the corneal endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

What is it?

Epiphora

Cause?

Excessive tear production

allergies

Referal?

Depends on the cause

24
Q
A

What is it?

Exopthalmos

• Eyeballs bulging/
protruding

Cause?

Hyperthyroidism

Referral/ CL?

Sould already be in care

lens can be drying to the eye

bandage lens

25
**What is it?** Fleischer’s ring Not to be confused with Arcus Senilis. • Small pigmented brown or yellowish rings found at the base of the cone in cases of keratoconus. • Iron deposits
26
**Whats is it?** Fuch’s Dystrophy - Degeneration of the corneal endothelium characterized by the presence of corneal (endothelial) guttata - Breakdown of the corneal endothelium can’t pump out fluid - Ruins corneal deturgescene **Cause?** Aqueous homur entering cornea Trauma/disease Surgery Edema **Referral?** Yes **CL?** no
27
Giant papillary conjunctivitis poor hygiene Allergy overwear/sleep
28
Ghost Vessels
**What is it?** Empty blood vessels but they will refill if aggravated. Ghost vessels never go away. Can wear contact lenses. **Cause?** **Referral?** **CL?**
29
**What is it?** Hordeolum Raised bump on eyelid sebaceous gland (hair follicle) Usually near lash line **Cause?** Infection plugged Meibomain glands **Referral?** Yes **CL?** No
30
**What is it?** Hydrops Cornea Swelling of the cornea due to break in Descemet's membrane. Aqueous fluid will accumulate in anterior chamber **Cause?** Keratoconus Exterme hypoxia Referral? Yes
31
**What is it?** Hyphema Blood in anterior chamber Glaucoma can be a second complication **Cause?** Abnormal vessel growth Ocular trauma Surgical procedure **Referal?** yes **CL?** no
32
**What is it?** Hypopyon • Yellow mucus (puss) due to **Cause?** -uveitis * Severe pain/ red eyes * Blurry vision * Photophobia * Inability to accommodate (temporary) **Referral?** Yes **CL?** No Cl until clear. Discard old lens
33
**What is it?** Colobomo - Iris is partially missing **What is it?** Iridectomy Partial surgical removal of the iris due to treatment of closed angle glaucoma and Iris Melanoma **Cause?** Congenital/ Trauma **CL?** Opaque len help reduce light entering can fix with an opaque scleral lens
34
Iris Coloboma
• Iris is partially missing
35
**What is it?** Keratitis Inflammation in the corneal **Cause?** CL overwear poor hygiene Trauma Bacteria fungal Many reason **Referral/ CL?** Yes, if bacterial or acute. Remove from Lens
36
**What is it?** Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca * Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. * Dry Eyes **Cause?** Poor tear production Referral? Yes CL? Soft lens - switch to RGP or part-time wear for soft
37
Keratoconus
Cornea protrudes out in a cone shape. A degenerative disease causing thinning of the cornea
38
What is it? keratoplasty Corneal graft **Cause?** Keratoconus corneal scarring Congenital disease Referral? already in care CL? speciality lens
39
Limbal Hyperemia Redness arounbd the limbus this is only a sign of a problem. Short - term clinical sign of corneal hypoxia- related to oyxgen performance of lens inflammation possible pain engorged limbal blood vessels
40
**What is it?** Nebula Opaque opacity found after corneal inflammation or trauma **Cause?** Inflammation Trauma Safe it fit with lens if not irritated
41
**What is it?** Nevus Freckle/ benign pigment deposit Cause? Congenital Antomical defect Referral No CL? if it doesn't rub on it
42
**What is it?** Pannus vascularization Around limbus Neovascularization caused by anoxia or hypoxia **Cause?** overwear of soft lens Non-compliance Referral? Yes CL? no
43
**What is it?** Pinguecula Fat cysts on sclera yellow/pink growth common **Cause?** Uv / Dust / Wind / Uv exposure **Referal?** No **CL?** Yes, if not irritated
44
Polymegathism
**What is it?** Morphological change in corneal endothelium from contact lens wear. Polymegatism (different sizes) **Cause?** Age Hypoxia/ overwear of CL/ Medial condtion **Referal?** No **CL?** Reduced contact lens wear due to discomfort Change Cl to higher DK
45
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Bacteria- treated mb antibiotics and eye drops
46
**What is it?** Ptergyium A growth that starts nasally and can grow on the cornea **Cause?** Uv / Wind / dust **Referral?** No **CL?** If not irritated
47
**What is it?** Sattler's veil Client see’s halos around lights. Glare. Epithelial hypoxia **Cause?** Overwear of CL Improper fit (steep) Keratoconus **Referral?** Yes **CL?** when clear - then refit
48
Sjogrens syndrome
disorders (rheumatoid arthritis or lupus) Mucous membranes and moisture-secreting glands of your eyes and mouth are usually affected first — resulting in decreased tears and saliva.
49
**What is it?** corneal punctate staining (superfical punctate keratitis **Cause?** Viral conjunctivitis chemical burn / uv exposure Cl overwear **Referal?** Yes **CL?** No
50
**What is it?** Sterile Corneal Ulcer Corneal ulcer with tissue loss usually in stroma- non infected Epithelium is intact **Cause?** Contaminated solutions Vitamin A deficiency **Referal?** Yes **CL?** No
51
**What is it?** Trachoma Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva (contagious) Blindness can occur **Cause?** Bacterial Infection viral Infection clamydia Allergic reaction **Referral?** Yes **CL?** Stop until clear. do refit
52
What is it? Vertical Straieal Vertical lines seen under slit lamp • Folds in Descemet's membrane Cause? Edema from Hypoxia CL no refit to high dk material
53
What is it? Uveitis Inflammation to the uveal tract Cause? infection Trauma Disease See Doctor No contacts until clear / discard
54
**What is it?** Trichiasis Eyelashes turning inward **Cause?** Entropian **Referral / CL?** should be in care if not refer Bandage lens
55
**What is it?** Chalazion raised bump on eyelid infection of sebaceous gland **Cause?** Pathological condition infection plugged meibomian glands Refer/ no CL

contact lenses (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions