Pathology Flashcards
What is the basophilic stippling
Basophilic ribosomal RNA precipitates. Seen in reticulocytes
Characteristics seen in Burkitt lymphoma
t(8;14)-translocation of c-myc (transcription factor)
Bx: starry sky, medium-sized lymphocytes with high mitotic index (↑ ki-67)
Jaw lesion (endemic form)
Pelvis or abdomen tumors (sporadic form)
VIH association
Obliteration of BM with fibrosis. Atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia. Massive splenomegaly. Dacrocytes. JAK2 mutation
Myelofibrosis
Stem cell disorder shown as defects in cell maturation of nonlymphoid lineages. Pancytopenia, oval macrocytosis and neutrophil hyposegmented, hypogranulated. Due de novo mutations or chemotherapy
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Type of leukemia that presents intracytoplasmatic Auer rods and is associated with a t(15;17) chromosomal translocation
Acute promyelocytic leukemia, formerly M3 AML
Typical findings in intravascular hemolysis
↓ haptoglobin, ↑ schistocytes in blood smear
Describe laboratory findings seen in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Activation of coagulation cascade.
- Thrombocytopenia
- ↑ DD (due fibrinolysis)
- Prolonged coagulation profile times
- ↓ fibrinogen (due consumption)
- Schystocytes
Mention aplastic anemia laboratory and bone marrow bx findings
Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia ↑ EPO ↓ reticulocytes Normal MCV Normal haptoglobin Bx: hypocellular bone marrow with fatty infiltration
Minifestations of von Willebrand disease
AD. Intrinsic pathway coagulation defect. Normal platelet count, normal PT, ↑ bleeding time, ↑ PTT.
Splenic manifestations in Sickle cell anemia
Splenic infarct/sequestration crisis → fibrosis and atrophy
Autosplenectomy
Clinical manifestations of Polycythemia vera
Aquagenic pruritus, facial pletora, splenomegaly.
Associated wuth peptic disease and gouty arthritis
↑ RBC, ↑ WBC, ↑ Platelets, + JAK2 mutations, ↓ EPO
This neoplasm can present as mediastinal mass → SVC-like syndrome). ↑↑↑ lymphoblasts
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Mention general characteristics of Gaucher disease
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia due splenic sequestration, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, bone crises, Gaucher cells.
↑ Glucocerebroside
General characteristics of Scurvy
Deficiency of Vit C.
Swollen gums, easy bruising, petechiae, normo-normo anemia, phrynoderma, coiled hair, poor wound healing. Coagulation studies normal
Myeloid stem cell proliferation: mature granulocytes and splenomegaly, low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.
Philadelphia chromosome +
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Mention the triad of Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Iron deficieny anemia, esophageal webs and dysphagia
General characteristics of Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Inhibition of ADAMTS13 → ↓ degradation of vWF multimers → ↑ platelet adhesion and aggregation
Thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, acute kidney injury, fever, neurologic symptoms
Normal PT and PTT
Indolent course with painless fluctuating lymphadenopathy. t(14;18) chromosomal translocation → BCL-2 activation
Follicular lymphoma
X-linked disorder, intravascular hemolysis, insufficient NADPH, triggered by infections, sulfa drugs, fava beans. Low haptoglobin and high reticulocytes
G6PD deficiency
Neoplasms associated with Epstein Barr infection
Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
This intoxication shows as weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, neurologic manifestations. In blood smear: basophilic stippling and hypochromic microcytic anemia
Lead poisoning
In this hemolytic anemia, there is splenomegaly, spherocytes, negative coombs test, high osmotic fragility and the risk of pigmented gallstones and aplastic crises
Hereditary spherocytosis
