Pathology 1 exam study guide

Question 1

Know the significance of desmosomes in skin pathology

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Question 2

How do melasma and Vitiligo differ?

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Question 3

What is the fundamental difference between freckles and Lentigo?

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Question 4

What does the word Lentigo mean?

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Question 5

What are the characteristics of congenital birthmarks?

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Question 6

What is meant by the word nevus?

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Question 7

What characteristics indicate that a nevus may be dysplastic?

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Question 8

Which type of melanoma has the best prognosis, which types have the worse?

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Question 9

What is the most common type of melanoma?

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Question 10

In general, how is the malignant potential of melanoma assessed?

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Question 11

What can Acanthosis Nigricans be an indication of?

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Question 12

What is the sign of Leser-Trelat?

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Question 13

What is the basic pathophysiology of psoriasis?

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Question 14

What test is used in the clinic to evaluate for it?

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Question 15

What is the basic pathophysiology of Pemphigus?

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Question 16

What test are used in the clinic to evaluate for it?

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Question 17

What immunoglobulin is involved in the pathogenesis of Dermatitis Herpetiformis, and what disease is the condition thought to be linked to?

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Question 18

What is the difference between Xerosis and Eczema (the two look similar)?

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Question 19

What is the basis of the butterfly rash of cutaneous lupus erythematous?

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Question 20

Is Pityriasis Rosea a dangerous condition?

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Question 21

What is the difference between Erythema Nodosum and Erythema Multiforme?

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Question 22

What is the significance of actinic keratosis?

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Question 23

What layers are involved with the following: BCC, SCC, Melanoma

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Question 24

Week II

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Question 25

Know the pathological definitions

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Question 26

On an H&E stain, what structures turn blue, and which red?

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Question 27

If proteins in the cytoplasm turn red, how can those normal proteins be differentiated from the protein amyloid, which is found in many diseases?

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Question 28

What types of diseases or conditions might amyloidosis be found in? (the last slide of week II)

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Question 29

Know what a southern, northern, western and dot blot are used to test for.

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Question 30

Cellular injury can cause necrosis or apoptosis, know the difference between the two.

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Question 31

What are common causes of cellular injury?

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Question 32

What is the difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?

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Question 33

There will be questions on vitamin deficiency, and which vitamins, should they be lacking, lead to which diseases.

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Question 34

When does cloudy swelling occur?

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Question 35

Where do free radicals come from?

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Question 36

Be able to describe the basic pathway in an injured cell that begins with mitochondrial dysfunction and leads to cellular swelling

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Question 37

What is the most common form of necrosis, and what are the characteristics of the other forms?

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Question 38

How do the treatments of wet and dry gangrene differ?

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Question 39

What types of diseases is Caseous necrosis characteristic of?

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Question 40

How does gene regulation of apoptosis work?

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Question 41

What do caspases do, and why are they important?

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Question 42

What is steatosis, and what are its two main causes in the western world?

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Question 43

What is the pathological significance and appearance of Lipofuscin?

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Question 44

What is hemosiderosis, and why is it seen in venous stasis ulcers of the lower extremity?

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Question 45

What is the difference between dystrophic calcification and metastatic calcification?

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Question 46

Week III

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Question 47

Know the types of changes that may occur from adaptive responses to injury (i.e, metaplasia, neoplasia, etc.)

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Question 48

Hypertrophy can be causes by both physiologic and pathologic processes, know some examples of each

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Question 49

What is the significance of anaplasia, what are the two chief findings of anaplasia?

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Question 50

Know the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary (delayed closure) intentions

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Question 51

What is the difference between hypoplasia and agenesis?

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Question 52

Know the different basic types of stem cells, and which basic tissue types have labile, stable, and permanent cells

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Question 53

What are the three stages of fracture healing?

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Question 54

What is the difference between a traumatic fracture and a pathologic fracture?

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