Pathologies, Diseases, & Syndromes Flashcards
Hyperprolactinemia
high prolactin levels in blood - can be normal in pregnant/breastfeeding women or can be pathological and caused by diseases of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland or different drugs/medications.
Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency
aka idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency or congenital gonadotropin deficiency - either caused by GnRH insufficiency or insensitivity and leads of impairment of LH, FSH, and thus delayed puberty/libido/fertility issues.
Galactorhhea
non-breast feeding-related nipple discharge - can be a sign of underlying disease or pituitary disorder or medication side effect.
Oligoovulation
infrequent or irregular ovulation
Nulliparity
never having completed a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks/born a child (definitions differ)
Dysmenorrhea
pain during menstruation that interferes with daily activities (severe)
Dysparenuia
painful sexual intercourse (due to medical OR psychological causes)
Nodule
a harmless but abnormal growth wider than pimple formed in any layer of the skin - can be filled with inflamed tissue or tissue and fluid
(note: small cysts, tumors, boils, and abscesses can be mistaken for nodules).
Cul De Sac Nodularity
nodules found in either of the two small pouches found next to the uterus - a sign of endometriosis
Kallman Syndrome
a genetic condition where the main symptom is the inability to start or complete puberty for either gender - includes hypogonadism and infertility symptoms.
Hyperplasia
aka hypergenesis - an increase in NUMBER of cells in body tissue and can be confused with neoplasia (which causes cancerous or benign tumors due to ABNORMAL proliferation in a non-physiological manner which is unresponsive to normal stimuli).
Mumps Orchitis
infection of the testes due to mumps virus
Varicocele
abnormal enlargement of a part of the scrotum due to trapped blood - a main cause of male infertility.
Kartagener Syndrome
rare autosomal recessive disease causing abnormal cilia and backwards positioning of the organs in neonates - usually causes respiratory distress as a symptom.
Cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix - two forms include the invasive form, which is sexually transmitted, or the non-invasive form
Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa
aka diverticulosis of fallopian tube - a nodular thickening of thin part of uterine tube due to inflammation - is associated with ectopic pregnancies and infertility.
Hypertrophy
an increase in the volume of an organ/tissue due to the increase in SIZE of its constituent cells (not number, which would be hyperplasia).
Endometriomas
aka “chocolate cysts” or endometriotic cysts are dark, fluid-filled (from old blood products) cavities and is a localized form of endometriosis.
Myoma
aka uterine fibroid - a usually non-cancerous tumor that develops in or around the uterus.
Polyp
an abnormal growth projecting from a mucus membrane
