Pathologies and associated ECG Flashcards
Unstable angina vs STEMI vs NSTEMI
STEMI - elevated troponin and ST elevation
NSTEMI - elevated tropnonin but no st elevation
Unstable angina - no ST , neg troponin
Angina symptoms
Chest pain
Discomfort in jaw neck arms upper abdomen shoulder back
Fatigue
Sweating
Nausea
Dizziness
Define angina pectoris
Temporary chest pain or discomfort from decreased blood flow to the heart muscle and therefore lack of oxygen
Types of angina
Stable unstable variant micro vascular
Atheroma
Fatty material which clogs arteries
Atherosclerosis
Build up of fatty material inside the arteries.
Symptoms of atherosclerosis (6)
Chest pain
Confusion
Difficulty breathing
Fatigue
Pain in limbs
Weak muscles
Risk factors for atherosclerosis (12)
- Abdominal obesity
- Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
- High alcohol intake
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Not eating fruits and vegetables
- Not exercising regularly
- Smoking
- Stress
- Family history
- Age
- Ethnic background
Atrial septal defect
Hole in the atrial septum - congenital
ASD ECG features
Characteristic R wave notching in inferior leads 2,3, aVF
Slight right axis deviation
What is a VSD and how does it affect the heart
Hole in septum
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix
Affect BP in the lungs
ECG VSD
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Left ventricular hypertrophy
(Tall r waves ) a
Claudication
Pain or aching of lower extremity muscles due to poor circulation from blockage of arteries
Coarctation of aorta
Narrowing of aorta causing left ventricle hypertrophy
