Pathologies

Question 1

Alzeimers Disease 
what is it?
signs and symptoms (3 stages)
1st stage 3 things
2nd stage 6 things
3rd stage 1 thing

Answer 1

Progressive neurogenic disorder which results in deterioration and irreversible damage to cerebral cortex and subcortical areas of the brain
S&S - 1st signs difficulty learning, memory, and concentration. Leads to loss of orientation, depression, poor judgement, rigidity, bradykinesia, shuffling gait. Finally patient requires full care.

Question 2

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
What kind of impairments?
examples?

Answer 2

Upper and lower motor neuron impairments
Lower - asymmetric muscle weakness, fasciculations, cramping, and atrophy within the hands.
Upper - uncoordinated movement, spasticity, clonus, and positive babinski reflex.

Question 3

Bells Palsy
how long last?
what viral infection is likely to cause it?
signs and symptoms? (4)
PT treatment (2)

Answer 3

temporary
unilateral facial paralysis
herpes simplex/zoster virus
drooping of the eyelid and mouth, drooling, dryness of the eye and inability to close the eyelid due to weakness
stimulation of the nerve and facial massage

Question 4

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
what nerve entrapped?
symptoms? (5)

Answer 4

Median

night pain, weakness of the hand, muscle atrophy, clumsiness, and decreased wrist mobility

Question 5

Guillian-Barre Syndrome
how long it last?
what is actually happening?
Main sign this is happening
how long until it peaks?

Answer 5

Temporary
inflammation and demylelination of peripheral nerves myelin sheaths which can lead to axonal degeneration
Motor weakness distal to proximal progression, sensory impairment, and possible respiratory paralysis.
peaks in 2-4 weeks

Question 6

Huntington’s Disease
what kind of disorder?
S&S? (5)
Late stage S&S? (7)

Answer 6

a movement disorder that includes affective dysfunction and cognitive impairment.
involuntary choreic movements, mild alteration in personality, grimacing, protusion of the tongue, and ataxia.
mental deterioration, decrease in IQ, depression, Dysphagia, incontience, immobility, and rigidity.

Question 7

Multiple Sclerosis
what is it?
S&S (8)

Answer 7

patches of demylination of the myelin sheaths that surround nerves within the brain and spinal cord
Visual problems, paresthesias, sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, balance dysfunction, and fatigue.

Question 8

Myasthenia Gravis
defect of what?
Cardinal signs 
first muscles most commonly affected?
3 other common S&S

Answer 8

autoimmune defect in transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles at the neuromuscular junction.
Extreme fatiguability and skeletal muscle weakness that can change within minutes or over an extended time.
ocular muscles
dysphagia, dysarthia, and cranial nerve weakness

Question 9

Parkinsons Disease
decreased production of what?
S&S (5)

Answer 9

Dopamine (controls modulation and control of voluntary movement)
resting tremor in hand (pill rolling), hypokinesia, shuffling gait, bradykinesia, and mask-like appearence with no facial expression.

Question 10

Post-Polio syndrome

S&S (5)

Answer 10

progressive weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy, pain, and swallowing issues.