PATHOLOGIES Flashcards
Ectropion ? Is it contraindication for CLs wear
When the eyelid goes outwards / Yes it is a contraindication because the CL will be exposed and it will dry out easily
Entropion? Is it contraindication for CLs wear
When the eyelid goes towards the eye. No, with CL wear it sort of plays as a bandage so your lashes don’t irritate the cornea BUT we also have to consider that it will allow more dirt and debris to entre the eye
Cause of Stye / Hordeolum
-Caused by infection in lash area (usually has pus) , hair follicle
-Painful
Cause of Chalazion
-Caused from a blocked meibomian gland
-Not usually painful
Cause of GPC
-Contact lens solution, allergies, overwear of lenses (deposits or protein’s on lenses)
-Sleeping in contact lenses
Cause of Ulcer
-Caused by an infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or a parasite
-Stains with fluroscein
-Loss of tissue
Cause of Dendritic Ulcer
Relates to herpes simplex (more of weblike and branch appearance)
Pingecula
-exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
-Yellowish appearance
Pterygium
-Wedge like growth that grows into the cornea
Corneal abrasion
Cut or scratch to the cornea
-Can be seen through corneal staining
Difference between fluorescein and rose Bengal
-The stain colors
-Rose bengal highlights dead and dying cells
-Fluorescein highlights the disruption in areas that are no longer smooth (filling deffects)
How would a keratoplasty look like
-Z patterns or some form of stitches
Subconjunctival hemmoerghae
-Broken blood vessels underneath conjunctiva
Hyphemia
-When blood pools in anterior chamber
If their is a photo of kerataconus but the pt is looking down what is the pathology called?
munson sign (v-shaped protrusion)
Basal Cells
-Appearance as it is lifting
-Cancerous
-Pinkish
Squamous cells
-Flat like appearance
-Cancerous
-Brownish
Melanoma
It occurs when pigment-producing cells in the eye multiply too quickly.
-Cancerous
Infiltrate
-Accumulation of white blood cells
-Inflammation
-DOES NOT stain with NaFL
-Caused from injury, infection, irritation
Mucin Balls
mall, translucent, spherical deposits that form between the cornea and a contact lens
-they are made of mucin, lipids and tear proteins
Most disappear on lens removal, but some remain briefly
Blepharitis
-redness, thickening, and flakey or scaly crusting along the eyelids and eyelashes
-caused by an abnormality in the oil producing glands on the eyelids
Most commonly caused by chronic staphylococcal infection
Meibomium gland dysfunction
-Affects the oil secreting glands in the eyelids
-Leading cause of dry eye
-Management: heat compress, gentle massage, mechanical expression
SWITCH TO DAILIES TO PREVENT LENS CONTAMINATION W/ OILS
SPK and causes
-Inflammation of the cornea (small group of cells on cornea die)
-Caused by infection, allergies, chemicals and CLs, dry eyes, mechanical irritation from eyelash
Symtpoms of SPK
Redness
Watery eyes
Sensitivity to light
Decreased vision and pain
Bleb
Small fluid filled blister
-Resulting after glaucoma surgery where a “filtering bled” is created to drain excess fluid
Superior Limbal Keratoconjuctivis
Chronic eye disease that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea
May be related to mechanical microtrauma, deficiencies in tear film, thyroid disease
Endothelial Polymegathism
-Abnormal cell size variation in endothelial layer
-Causes: CL wear due to hypoxia, aging, trauma and damage
Neovascularization / Pannus
-Lack of oxygen causing new blood vessel to form
Microcysts / how to treat
-Tiny, fluid filled blisters, associated with extended wear of CLs due to hypoxia
-Usuaully asymptomatic , or could cause mild discomfort or blurred vision
-Lubrication, topical antibitoics, BCL
Corneal Edema
Corneal swelling
-symptoms: eye sx, injury, infection, inflammation, CL irritation
Acanthomobea infection / Protozal keratitis CAUSES AND APPERANCE
-Serious eye infection, can lead to permanent vision loss
-CAUSES: CL wear, poor CL hygiene, wearing CLs while swimming, using hot tub or showering
-APPEARANCE: cloudy or hazy cornea with a characteristic “ring infiltrate”
Corneal Dellen
-Peripheral corneal thinning
-Oval shaped excavations running parallel to limbus
-NOT true corneal staining bc the epithelium in the sunken area is still intact
TREATMENT: stop wearing CL till cornea returns to normal thickness
Corneal Erosion
-Painful conditions that occurs when the corneas surfacce layers loosens
-CAUSES: scratch, injury that hasnt health, CLs,
Dimple vailing
-Little bubbles trapped in steep lens that over time indent the cornea
-Caused by steep lens
Fungal keratitis CAUSES AND APPERANCE
-Trauma, vegatative/outdoor
-APPERANCE: Infiltrate w. feathery edges / grey white lesion
Bacterial keratitis, CAUSES AND APPERANCE
Most commonly caused by pseudomonas areuginosa (can easily attach to the surface of CLs and survive in ocular enviroments)
CAUSES-CL use, dry eyes, abrasion
APPERANCE: Round / oval white lesion
thick discharge
Toxic keratitis CAUSES AND APPERANCE
CONTACT LENSES (poor hygeine)
-ring shaped infiltrate
3 and 9 staining causes and treatment
-Horizontal drying of the cornea and/or adjacent conjuctiva
-CAUSES: GP related: thick edge, decentered lens
EYE RELATED: poor tear film, incomplete blink
TREATMENT: Refit GP w thinner edge, improve centration
-ocular lubricaants
Lattice corneal dystrophy
-Rare genetic disorder that causes vision loss by clouding w protein deposits
APPEARS to look like a scar
Arcus Senalis
-white/gray or blue ring that appears around the cornea
-caused by fatty deposits usually cholesterol (COMMON IN OLDER PPL)
Vasularized Limbal Keratitis
-Rare complication of GP lens wear
-Most commonly from extended wear of GP lenses which damage the stems cells
-CHRONIC 3 AND 9 STAINING
Contact lens acutre red eye
-Inflammation / no infection
-ONLY occurs in pts wearing CLs (extended wear)
Inflammation results from lack of oxygen (hypoxia), contamination of the CL with bacteria, or protein deposits
Contact lens peipheral ulcer
-Often caused by overnight wear of soft CLs
-Inflammatory response from bacteria in or around the CL surface
-Up to 50% assymptomatic
hypopyon
collection of white blood cells in the anterior chamber
CAUSES: infection, keratitis, trauma, CL wear
caloboma
-An area of missing tissue in your eye. Present in a persons eye when theyre born
Most common colobomas develp in your iris and cause your pupil to have a keyhole or cat-eye shape
two types of corneal infiltrate
- infection (bacterial, viruses)
- Steril (CLs)
hyperemia
redness and inflammation of the conjunctiva, the tissue that lines the white of the eye
Superior Epitheltial Arcute Lesion (SEAL)
Appears as a white, arc shaped lesion on the upper part of the cornea
-usually assocaited w. soft lenses, typically caused by mechanical frictions
Aniridia
Absence of the iris
