Pathological Gait

Question 1

Lateral Trunk Bending

Answer 1

AKA Trendelenburg Gait
Trunk moves sideways over supporting leg
Hip drop on swing leg

Question 2

Etiology of lateral trunk bending

Answer 2

Could be from weak abductors
Could be structural pathology
Trunk lean makes it so that the abductors dont have to generate a high moment

Question 3

Anterior Trunk Bending

Answer 3

Brings the line of force in front of the knee at Initial Contact
Make it so have knee ext torque so that quads dont have to work as hard

Question 4

Cause of anterior trunk bending

Answer 4

Weak quads

Will maintain a straight knee throughout stance too

Question 5

Posterior trunk bending

Answer 5

Brings line of force behind the hip joint around IC to get ext torque so dont have to work hard to extend the hip

Question 6

Cause of posterior trunk bending

Answer 6

Compensating for weak hip extensors

Question 7

Increased lumbar lordosis

Answer 7

When you see them looks like pelvis and leg are moving as one and will see inc lumbar lordosis
To get the femur vertical, the pelvis has to rotate forward (ant pelvic tilt)
The pelvic rotation inc the lumbar lordosis

Question 8

Causes increased lumbar lordosis

Answer 8

compensation for flexion contracture
Their hip flexors are tight and as result when leg has tendency to go back, the pelvis has to ant tilt and will cause lordosis to make sure that the COM is over the BOS

Question 9

Functional leg length discrepancy - leg too short in stance

Answer 9

unable to extend at hip, extend at knee, PF at ankle

Question 10

Functional leg length discrepancy - leg too long in swing

Answer 10

unable to flex at hip, flex at knee, dorsiflex at ankle

Question 11

Function leg length discrepancy compensations

Answer 11

Circumduction
Hip Hiking
Steppage
Vaulting

Question 12

Circumduction

Answer 12

The swinging leg moves forward in a wide arc, instead of a straight line

Question 13

Circumduction compensates for what

Answer 13

A short leg on the stance phase side

Question 14

Hip Hiking is a compensation for

Answer 14

functional length inequality

To make room for swinging leg, the hip is lifted on that side

Question 15

Steppage

Answer 15

exaggerated hip and knee flexion

Question 16

Steppage is often used to compensate for

Answer 16

PF ankle

Question 17

Vaulting

Answer 17

Ankle is PF on stance side, going up on tiptoe

Question 18

Vaulting is a compensation for

Answer 18

excessive length of the swing phase leg

Question 19

Excessive knee extension with

Answer 19

Quad paralysis
Triceps Surae paralysis
Above knee amputee

Question 20

Excessive knee flexion with

Answer 20

Flexion contracture of knee
Spasticity of the knee flexors
Flexion contracture of the hip

Question 21

Excessive knee flexion often results in

Answer 21

crouch gait

Question 22

Inadequate DF control - cause

Answer 22

Ant tib weakness

Question 23

Inadequate DF control - signs

Answer 23

foot slap

toe drap

Question 24

Insufficient push off

Answer 24

Weakness of triceps surae
Ruptured achilles tendon
Foot weakness or deformity 
Pain under forefoot 
Abnormally high hip flexor activity at push off

Question 25

Abnormal Walking base- wide

Answer 25

Deformity - abductor weakness or valgus knee

Instability - cerebellar ataxia

Question 26

Abnormal walking base - narrow

Answer 26

Deformity - adducted hip, varus knee

If severe causes scissor gait

Question 27

Toeing in during stance

Answer 27

Excessive femoral anteversion
Hip adductor/IR spasticity
Medial tibial torsion

Question 28

Toeing out with stance

Answer 28

Femoral neck retroversion

Tight hip ER

Question 29

Antalgic Gait

Answer 29

gait modification that reduces the amount of pain a person is experiencing
Not specific - just defines a painful gait