Pathological Gait Flashcards
Lateral Trunk Bending
AKA Trendelenburg Gait
Trunk moves sideways over supporting leg
Hip drop on swing leg
Etiology of lateral trunk bending
Could be from weak abductors
Could be structural pathology
Trunk lean makes it so that the abductors dont have to generate a high moment
Anterior Trunk Bending
Brings the line of force in front of the knee at Initial Contact
Make it so have knee ext torque so that quads dont have to work as hard
Cause of anterior trunk bending
Weak quads
Will maintain a straight knee throughout stance too
Posterior trunk bending
Brings line of force behind the hip joint around IC to get ext torque so dont have to work hard to extend the hip
Cause of posterior trunk bending
Compensating for weak hip extensors
Increased lumbar lordosis
When you see them looks like pelvis and leg are moving as one and will see inc lumbar lordosis
To get the femur vertical, the pelvis has to rotate forward (ant pelvic tilt)
The pelvic rotation inc the lumbar lordosis
Causes increased lumbar lordosis
compensation for flexion contracture
Their hip flexors are tight and as result when leg has tendency to go back, the pelvis has to ant tilt and will cause lordosis to make sure that the COM is over the BOS
Functional leg length discrepancy - leg too short in stance
unable to extend at hip, extend at knee, PF at ankle
Functional leg length discrepancy - leg too long in swing
unable to flex at hip, flex at knee, dorsiflex at ankle
Function leg length discrepancy compensations
Circumduction
Hip Hiking
Steppage
Vaulting
Circumduction
The swinging leg moves forward in a wide arc, instead of a straight line
Circumduction compensates for what
A short leg on the stance phase side
Hip Hiking is a compensation for
functional length inequality
To make room for swinging leg, the hip is lifted on that side
Steppage
exaggerated hip and knee flexion
Steppage is often used to compensate for
PF ankle
Vaulting
Ankle is PF on stance side, going up on tiptoe
Vaulting is a compensation for
excessive length of the swing phase leg
Excessive knee extension with
Quad paralysis
Triceps Surae paralysis
Above knee amputee
Excessive knee flexion with
Flexion contracture of knee
Spasticity of the knee flexors
Flexion contracture of the hip
Excessive knee flexion often results in
crouch gait
Inadequate DF control - cause
Ant tib weakness
Inadequate DF control - signs
foot slap
toe drap
Insufficient push off
Weakness of triceps surae Ruptured achilles tendon Foot weakness or deformity Pain under forefoot Abnormally high hip flexor activity at push off
Abnormal Walking base- wide
Deformity - abductor weakness or valgus knee
Instability - cerebellar ataxia
Abnormal walking base - narrow
Deformity - adducted hip, varus knee
If severe causes scissor gait
Toeing in during stance
Excessive femoral anteversion
Hip adductor/IR spasticity
Medial tibial torsion
Toeing out with stance
Femoral neck retroversion
Tight hip ER
Antalgic Gait
gait modification that reduces the amount of pain a person is experiencing
Not specific - just defines a painful gait
